Closed-Loop Systems in Neuromodulation: Electrophysiology and Wearables.
Neurosurg Clin N Am
; 33(3): 297-303, 2022 Jul.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1914847
ABSTRACT
Most currently available neuromodulation techniques for pain work through an open-loop system. The distance between the epidural space and the target of the stimulation in a dynamic body can change because of physiologic conditions. The closed-loop system in spinal cord neuromodulation consists of an integrated system that records real-time electrophysiological activity in the form of evoked compound action potentials and uses it in a feedback mechanism to adjust stimulus output. Wearables represent newly developed technologies that have gained traction in recent years. Their application in pain management is still developing but promising.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Spinal Cord Stimulation
/
Wearable Electronic Devices
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Neurosurg Clin N Am
Journal subject:
Neurosurgery
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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