Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis:rare immunotherapy related adverse effect vs COVID19-related immunization complication
Neurology
; 98(18 SUPPL), 2022.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1925209
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To report an acute presentation of long extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in the setting of Atezolizumab monotherapy and COVID-19 mRNA immunizationBackground:
Patients being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for advanced malignancy have an increased propensity of developing neuro-immune complications. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been reported cases of TM following COVID-19 immunization. The reported infrequency of TM with both aforementioned causes makes delineating the etiology challenging. Design/Methods:
A 58-year-old male with metastatic SCLC completed 4 cycles of Atezolizumab, Carboplatin and Etoposide and was transitioned to Atezolizumab maintenance. He previously underwent Atezolizumab infusion and was administered the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine one day prior to developing acute lower extremity paralysis, sensory loss from chest down and overflow incontinence. MRI spine illustrated centromedullary enhancing lesions from C7-T7. CSF analysis showed 25 WBC, 116/uL RBC, 94 mg/dL protein, normal glucose, negative oligoclonal bands and normal IgG index. CSF bacterial and virology studies were negative. Additionally, serum anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and antiaquaporin receptor 4 (AQP4) antibodies were unremarkable.Results:
5-day course of pulsed methylprednisolone followed by three therapeutic plasma exchanges produced minimal improvement in lower extremities strength and sensory level.Conclusions:
This case demonstrates the complication and symptomatology of TM in the setting of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody with the co-incidental COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The causal relationship between the vaccine and TM is difficult to establish due to limited data and the presence of a known inciting factor but hints at a possible exaggeration of the existing neuroinflammatory process. Currently, CDC recommends that individuals who are moderately to severely immunocompromised receive an additional dose of an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) at least 28 days after the completion of the initial mRNA COVID-19 vaccine series. Caution should be given for those patients who are on ICI therapy.
aquaporin; atezolizumab; carboplatin; endogenous compound; etoposide; glucose; immune checkpoint inhibitor; immunoglobulin G; methylprednisolone; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; oligoclonal band; programmed death 1 ligand 1; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; adult; case report; cerebrospinal fluid; clinical article; complication; conference abstract; coronavirus disease 2019; drug combination; drug therapy; human; human tissue; immunization; immunotherapy; incontinence; lower limb; lower limb paralysis; male; middle aged; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; plasma exchange; sensory dysfunction; side effect; small cell lung cancer; spine; symptomatology; thorax; transverse myelitis; virology
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Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Prognostic study
Language:
English
Journal:
Neurology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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