A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers to Peri-Discharge Care for Patients with COPD and OSA Overlap

ABSTRACT

Rationale Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer heightened morbidity, mortality, and readmission rates. COPD is co-prevalent with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 20-60% of patients, and patients with COPD/OSA overlap are at higher risk for hospital readmission and mortality compared to COPD alone. Current COPD readmission reduction programs are focused on decreasing COPD readmissions;however, few explore impactful comorbid conditions. No study has identified peri-discharge barriers in the acute care setting from the perspective of patients with COPD/OSA or healthcare workers to identify areas of improvement. Methods: Semi-structured interviews, conducted via telephone (recorded) of hospitalized patients with COPD/OSA and acute care healthcare workers were conducted at an urban academic medical center (11/2020-1/2021) among a convenience sample of recruited participants. All recordings were transcribed and uploaded to NVivo, which facilitated thematic analysis, using an a priori codebook. Coding was conducted in rounds, and meetings were used to resolve differences and update the codebook as needed. This iterative process continued until all transcripts were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five participants were interviewed, 27 healthcare workers (HCW), 4 nurses, 6 respiratory therapists, 5 physicians, 3 case managers, 4 social workers, and 5 pharmacists, and 8 patients. The HCWs interviewed served an average of 7.5 years, were <50 years old (81.5%), and most were female (74.1%), white (81.5%), and non-Hispanic (100%). HCW respondents identified barriers that mapped to four main levels patient, team, hospital, and the healthcare system. Select barriers HCWs identified included health literacy, patient cognitive impairments, peri-discharge time management, lack of resources for patients post-discharge, cost, and insurance. All patient interviewees were <50 years old, most were male (62.5%), white (62.5%), and non-Hispanic (87.5%). Select barriers patients identified included current SES status, care team discussions, disease burden (visits to ED/hospital), follow-up care (including transportation), and perceptions of healthcare due to COVID-19. Conclusion: Healthcare workers and COPD/OSA patients report multilevel hospital discharge barriers. To improve barriers to care for these complex patients, multilevel interventions addressing noted barriers are needed.