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Virulence Factors of the Secondary Bacterial Infection Associated with COVID-19 in Baghdad and Diyala Province
NeuroQuantology ; 20(6):2646-2654, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1928913
ABSTRACT

Background:

COVID-19 has a high rate of severe infection and mortality, which is thought to be due in part to a lack of natural immunity and viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, as well as superinfections. COVID-19 patients suffer to infect with secondary bacterial infection and the ability of these pathogens to infect the host and causing disease is referred to as virulence factors.

Methodology:

200 samples from patients with COVID-19 were collected from blood, pharyngeal swabs, sputum, and nasal swab. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was used to confirm the disease. Biochemical tests, culture media and a Vitek-2 compact system were used to identify the isolates. AST, Biofilm formation, hemolysin and lipase were done on all isolates.

Results:

Forty-five (23%) isolates were obtained from a total of 200 samples while 77% showed negative growth. All isolates were distributed between gram positive as Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. High resistance to antibiotics was detected which the isolates classified to MDR and XDR as showed S. aureus (40%,60%), A. baumannii (30%, 70%), P. aeruginosa (20%, 80%) and K. pneumonia (45%, 55%) respectively. Virulence factors of the SBIs associated with Antibiotics resistance (MDR and XDR) in COVID-19 patients showed 100% of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa hemolysin positive while all the isolates of A. baumannii and K. pneumonia were negative. The results showed that 25% of MDR S. aureus and (75%) XDR, A. baumannii MDR (20%) and (80%) XDR, P. aeruginosa (20%) MDR and (80%) XDR and K. pneumonia (25%) MDR and (75%) XDR. Biofilm formation showed S. aureus (20%) MDR and (80%) XDR were produced biofilms, A. baumannii (15%) MDR and (85%) XDR, P. aeruginosa (10%) MDR and (90%) XDR and K. pneumonia (25%) MDR and (75%) XDR.

Conclusions:

Biofilm formation, hemolysin and lipase are virulence factors that confirmed secondary bacterial infection with high antibiotic resistance in COVID-19 patients which due to sever infection and elongated the period of healing as well as the side effects and complication during the infection period which were noticed in the most cases under the study.
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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Language: English Journal: NeuroQuantology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Language: English Journal: NeuroQuantology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article