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Convalescent plasma donors show enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing antibody response to antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2 following immunization.
Harvala, Heli; Nguyen, Dung; Simmonds, Peter; Lamikanra, Abigail A; Tsang, Hoi Pat; Otter, Ashley; Maes, Piet; Webster, Mhairi; Clarkson, Adam; Kaloyirou, Fotini; Hopkins, Valerie; Laidlaw, Stephen M; Carroll, Miles; Mora, Ana; Griffiths, Alexandra; MacLennan, Sheila; Estcourt, Lise; Roberts, David J.
  • Harvala H; Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Colindale, UK.
  • Nguyen D; Infection and Immunity, Univeristy College of London, London, UK.
  • Simmonds P; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Lamikanra AA; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Tsang HP; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Otter A; Clinical Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK.
  • Maes P; Clinical Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK.
  • Webster M; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
  • Clarkson A; Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
  • Kaloyirou F; Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Colindale, UK.
  • Hopkins V; Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Colindale, UK.
  • Laidlaw SM; Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
  • Carroll M; Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
  • Mora A; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Griffiths A; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • MacLennan S; Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
  • Estcourt L; Statistics and Clinical Studies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK.
  • Roberts DJ; Clinical Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Barnsley, UK.
Transfusion ; 62(7): 1347-1354, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1932583
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The therapeutic benefit of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy to treat COVID-19 may derive from neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to SARS-CoV-2. To investigate the effects of antigenic variation on neutralization potency of CP, we compared nAb titers against prototype and recently emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2, including Delta and Omicron, in CP donors previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 before and after immunization. METHODS AND MATERIALS Samples were assayed from previously SARS-CoV-2 infected donors before (n = 17) and after one (n = 43) or two (n = 71) doses of Astra-Zeneca or Pfizer vaccinations. Ab titers against Wuhan/wild type (WT), Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 strains were determined by live virus microneutralization assay while titers to Omicron used a focus reduction neutralization test. Anti-spike antibody was assayed by Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 quantitative spike assay (Roche).

RESULTS:

Unvaccinated donors showed a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 148 against WT, 80 against Alpha but mostly failed to neutralize Beta, Delta, and Omicron strains. Contrastingly, high GMTs were observed in vaccinated donors against all SARS-CoV-2 strains after one vaccine dose (WT703; Alpha692; Beta187; Delta215; Omicron434). By ROC analysis, reactivity in the Roche quantitative Elecsys spike assay of 20,000 U/mL was highly predictive of donations with nAb titers of ≥1640 against Delta (90% sensitivity; 97% specificity) and ≥1320 against Omicron (89% sensitivity; 81% specificity).

DISCUSSION:

Vaccination of previously infected CP donors induced high levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies against circulating antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2. High titer donations could be reliably identified by automated quantitative anti-spike antibody assay, enabling large-scale preselection of high-titer convalescent plasma.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antibodies, Neutralizing / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Transfusion Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Trf.16934

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antibodies, Neutralizing / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Transfusion Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Trf.16934