Predictive value of hematological and inflammatory markers for severity of COVID-19

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) can cause damage to a wide variety of organs throughout the body, with the lung being its primary focus of attack. The identification of prognostic indicators in COVID-19 can be of assistance in the management of the disease, in instances that are critical or severe. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hematological and inflammatory indicators in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and determine how closely those markers are associated with the severity of the condition. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective analysis, there were a total of 200 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The demographic information and comorbidities of the patients were gathered through direct questioning. The indicators of the complete blood count were recorded for every patient. In addition, tests were performed on D-dimer, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C reactive protein (CRP). Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) was calculated. The association of demographic and laboratory parameters with patient’s outcome evaluated. Results: After a 30-day follow-up, 32 patients (16%) out of 200 required ICU hospitalization, with eight of them (4%) dying. Each of the following od diabetes (OR=4.2;95 % CI= 1.8-2291, p=0.021), hypertension (OR=3.1, 95 % CI=1.21-19.11, p=0.033), D-dimmer (OR=3.22, 95 % CI=1.43-9.12, p=0.037), ferritin (OR=2.18, 95 % CI=1.4-7.22, p=0.027), NLR (OR=3.26, 95% CI=1.5-7.18, p= 0.023), LDH (OR= 6.23, 95% CI=1.77-22.9, p=0.034), and CRP (OR=4.56, 95% CI=1.32-28.85, p=0.007), were independent risk factors for severity of COVID-19. Conclusion: The comorbidities diabetes and hypertension, as well as the levels of D-dimer, serum ferritin, NLR, LDH, and CRP, could be utilized to predict COVID-19 severity and its outcome.