NLRP3 inflammasome activation and SARS-CoV-2-mediated hyperinflammation, cytokine storm and neurological syndromes
International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
; 14(3):138-160, 2022.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1955704
ABSTRACT
Despite the introduction of vaccines and drugs for SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world. In severe COVID-19 patients, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been detected in the blood, lung cells, and bronchoalveolar lavage, which is referred to as a cytokine storm, a consequence of overactivation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and resultant excessive cytokine production. The hyperinflammatory response and cytokine storm cause multiorgan impairment including the central nervous system, in addition to a detriment to the respiratory system. Hyperactive NLRP3 inflammasome, due to dysregulated immune response, is the primary cause of COVID-19 severity. The severity could be enhanced due to viral evolution leading to the emergence of mutated variants of concern, such as delta and omicron. In this review, we elaborate on the inflammatory responses associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the mechanisms for the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pathway involved, cytokine storm, and neurological complications as long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also discussed is the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.
adult; blood cell; central nervous system; complication; coronavirus disease 2019; cytokine production; cytokine storm; human; human cell; hyperinflammation; immune response; inflammation; lung alveolus cell; lung lavage; nervous system inflammation; neurologic disease; neurological complication; nonhuman; pandemic; protein expression; review; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; variant of concern; viral evolution; cryopyrin; cytokine; endogenous compound; inflammasome; vaccine
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Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Language:
English
Journal:
International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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