Role of extracellular vesicles in severe pneumonia and sepsis.
Expert Opin Biol Ther
; 22(6): 747-762, 2022 06.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1956518
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Extracellular vesicles (EV) released constitutively or following external stimuli from structural and immune cells are now recognized as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and sepsis, leading causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where mortality rates remain up to 40%. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that one of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of EVs is through the transfer of EV content to host cells, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, and permeability in target organs. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on preclinical research examining the role of EVs released into the plasma and injured alveolus during pneumonia and sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation is associated with elevated levels of circulating EVs that are released by activated structural and immune cells and can have significant proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-permeability effects in critically ill patients with pneumonia and/or sepsis. However, clinical translation of the use of EVs as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets may be limited by current methodologies used to identify and quantify EVs accurately (whether from host cells or infecting organisms) and lack of understanding of the role of EVs in the reparative phase during recovery from pneumonia and/or sepsis.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia
/
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
/
Sepsis
/
Extracellular Vesicles
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Expert Opin Biol Ther
Journal subject:
Biology
/
Therapeutics
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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