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Recovering from COVID-19: psychological sequelae and post-traumatic growth six months after discharge.
Bonazza, Federica; Luridiana Battistini, Chiara; Fior, Giulia; Bergamelli, Emilio; Wiedenmann, Federico; D'Agostino, Armando; Sferrazza Papa, Giuseppe Francesco; Borghi, Lidia; Piscopo, Kyrie; Vegni, Elena; Lamiani, Giulia.
  • Bonazza F; Psychology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Luridiana Battistini C; Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Fior G; Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Bergamelli E; Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Wiedenmann F; Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • D'Agostino A; Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Sferrazza Papa GF; Respiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Borghi L; Psychology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Piscopo K; Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Vegni E; Psychology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Lamiani G; Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 13(1): 2095133, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1956532
ABSTRACT

Background:

Clinical and scientific evidence has shown that a range of long-lasting symptoms can persist in the post-virological period. However, little is known about the psychological sequelae of patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety-depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic 6 months after discharge, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with psychological outcomes.

Method:

This cross-sectional cohort study enrolled recovered COVID-19 patients during a multidisciplinary follow-up screening. At 6 months post-discharge, participants underwent a remote assessment with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.

Results:

The sample was composed of 100 patients, mainly males (72%), with a mean ± SD age of 58.7 ± 11.8 years. Regarding psychological symptoms, 34% and 24% of patients, respectively, reported anxiety and depression over the clinical threshold, and 20% met the criteria for a possible PTSD diagnosis. Psychological symptoms were associated with the presence of a mood disorder in the patient's clinical history and having received a psychological consultation after discharge. Post-traumatic growth was associated with younger age and having received a psychological consultation after discharge.

Conclusions:

A high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, potentially indicative for a mood or anxiety disorder, and PTSD was confirmed among COVID-19 survivors after 6 months. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and PTSD were associated with a previous diagnosis of a mood disorder and having received psychological consultation. Post-traumatic growth was associated with younger age and having received psychological consultation. Tailored psychological interventions could help to elaborate the psychological suffering and foster post-traumatic growth after a traumatic experience such as COVID-19 hospitalization. HIGHLIGHTS A high prevalence of psychological symptoms has been observed among COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization.Tailored psychological interventions could help to contain the psychological sequelae and facilitate post-traumatic growth.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes La evidencia clínica y científica reciente ha demostrado que una variedad de síntomas duraderos pueden persistir incluso en el periodo post-virológico. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre las secuelas psicológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19.

Objetivo:

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de síntomas ansioso-depresivos, Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y crecimiento postraumático entre pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante la primera ola de pandemia seis meses después del alta e identificar los factores socio-demográficos y clínicos asociados con los resultados psicológicos.

Método:

Este estudio de cohorte transversal inscribió a pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 durante un tamizaje de seguimiento multidisciplinario. A los seis meses del alta, los participantes se sometieron a una evaluación remota con la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional Mini Plus y completaron la Escala de Depresión y Ansiedad Hospitalaria, la Lista de chequeo-5 para Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático y el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumático. Se condujeron análisis de regresión y descriptivos.

Resultados:

La muestra se compuso de 100 pacientes, principalmente varones (72%), con una edad promedio de 58.7 años (DE=11.8). En cuanto a los síntomas psicológicos, 34% y 24% de los pacientes reportaron ansiedad y depresión por encima del umbral clínico y 20% reunía los criterios para un posible diagnóstico de TEPT. Los síntomas psicológicos se asociaron con la presencia de un trastorno del ánimo en la historia clínica del paciente y el haber recibido una consulta psicológica tras el alta. El crecimiento postraumático se asoció con ser más joven y haber recibido una consulta psicológica tras el alta.`

Conclusiones:

Se confirmó una alta prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, potencialmente indicativo de un trastorno del estado de ánimo y TEPT entre los sobrevivientes al COVID-19 después de seis meses. Los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos y el TEPT se asociaron con un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno del ánimo y haber recibido consulta psicológica. Se encontró que el crecimiento postraumático se asociaba con ser más joven y haber recibido consulta psicológica. Las intervenciones psicológicas "a la medida" podrían ayudar a elaborar el sufrimiento psicológico y fomentar el crecimiento postraumático tras una experiencia traumática como la hospitalización por COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Eur J Psychotraumatol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 20008198.2022.2095133

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Eur J Psychotraumatol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 20008198.2022.2095133