Changes in Refractive Error Under COVID-19: A 3-Year Follow-up Study.
Adv Ther
; 39(6): 2999-3010, 2022 06.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1959164
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
To investigate changes in refractive error in schoolchildren before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.METHODS:
This study included 2792 students, who underwent a 3-year follow-up from 2018 to 2020. All participants underwent yearly noncycloplegic refraction and ocular examinations. Time-related changes in sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in both genders were analyzed.RESULTS:
The myopic sphere (- 0.78 ± 1.83 vs. - 1.03 ± 1.91 D; P = 0.025) and SE (- 1.04 ± 1.90 vs. - 1.32 ± 1.99 D; P = 0.015) progressed significantly from 2018 to 2019. Female participants had a significantly greater change in SE than male participants (P < 0.05), and the low hyperopia, emmetropia, and mild myopia groups significantly deteriorated (P < 0.001) from 2018 to 2019. Significant differences in sphere change (- 0.21 ± 0.97 vs. - 0.36 ± 0.96 D; P < 0.001) and SE change (- 0.23 ± 0.99 vs. - 0.38 ± 0.98 D; P < 0.001) were noted between 2019-2018 and 2020-2019, respectively. The respective changes in cylinder were statistically similar (- 0.03 ± 0.53 vs. - 0.05 ± 0.62 D; P = 0.400).CONCLUSIONS:
The refractive status of schoolchildren showed an increasing myopic shift trend before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The low hyperopia, emmetropia, and mild myopia groups were more sensitive to environmental changes during COVID-19 than before. The myopic shift was greater in female participants than male participants.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Refractive Errors
/
COVID-19
/
Hyperopia
/
Myopia
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Limits:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
Adv Ther
Journal subject:
Therapeutics
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S12325-022-02150-0
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