REVIEW ON STRUCTURE, PATHOGENECITY, TRANSMISSIBILITY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN PATHOGENIC CORONAVIRUSES

ABSTRACT

Coronaviruses cause animal and human respiratory and bowel infections. They have not been deemed highly pathogenic to humans until the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and 2003 in Guangdong province, China. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are large, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect both animals and humans. Coronaviruses didn't just appear recently. They are large family of viruses that have been around for a long time. Formerly, coronaviruses (CoVs) were seen as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates among human populations as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier. Now the recent detection of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), added a new member in corona virus family.The novel coronavirus (COVID 19) is one of the member of coronavirus family which infect human. Scientists have divided coronaviruses into four subgroupings, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Seven of these viruses can infect people. The four common coronaviruses are-229E(alpha),NL63(alpha),OC43(beta),HKU1(beta). The three less-common coronaviruses areMERS-CoV(beta), SARS-CoV(beta),SARS-CoV-2. Our main target is to describe the the structure, Pathogenecity, Transmissibility and Epidemiology of above mentioned subgroups of corona viruses in our review.