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Immune phenotypes correlate with the outcome of severe Covid-19 infection
Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin ; 63:S177-S178, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1965293
ABSTRACT
Despite the tremendous impact of the Sars-CoV-2 global pandemic and becoming focus of scientific research[1], many aspects of the disease and its pathophysiology, especially concerning prognostic parameters and treatments remain uncertain. The aim of our study is to assess and link immune profiles of the dysregulated cellular immune response in patients hospitalized with severe Covid-19 to their outcomes. Therefore, we immune phenotyped severly ill Sars-CoV-2 patients on our ICU and to surviving to non-surviving patients and healthy controls. Methods Using flow cytometry (BD-Fortessa), we created a 14-parameter immunoprofile of 25 Covid-19 patients from our ICU and 11 of healthy control individuals. The analysis was based on live/dead control, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD66b, CD14, CD16, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, HLA-DR and IL-6 antibodies. Both clusters (survivors, n=16;non-survivors, n=9) and healthy controls (n=11) were compared with each other by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunns-Ls post-test correction for multiple testing (Prism V.9.0). The patients in both groups had a similar age and at the time of analysis (Fig. 1A), the treatment was insignificantly more invasive in non-survivors than in survivors (7-point WHO ordinal scale means 5.8 vs. 5.3, p = 0.43) (Fig.1 D). Similarly, the blood tests and the viral loads were comparable in both groups. Study has permission from the ethic commission (AZ-249/20 S-EB). Results The study showed that cell specific cytokine expressions are distinct in survivors compared to non-survivors even at an early stage of the critical disease. Surviving Covid patients showed increased TFNá levels throughout all cell populations, which met significance in CD4+ T (Fig.2 A) Cells and CD135+ DC. (Fig. 4 C). IL-6 levels, however, were significantly lower in CD4+ T cells of survivors (Fig. 2 B). Similarly, proinflammatory, classical CD16+ monocytes of non-survivors exhibited an increase in IL-6 and IL-1â. Moreover, dendritic cells of non-survivors seemed to be exhausted revealing less TNFá and IL-6 and IL-1â (Fig 4)

Conclusion:

Taken together, a disability of monocyte activation and exhaustion of dendritic cell reaction was associated with a worsened outcome of severely ill Covid-19 patients [2,3]. On the contrary a sufficient TNFá response, especially of CD4 and dendritic cells might be required to overcome the infection. Therefore, our findings suggest that measuring cell specific levels of cytokines and cell population shifts might be of high clinical relevance to predict the outcome of the disease and offer new therapeutical options for these patients.
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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Year: 2022 Document Type: Article