A Clinical study and assessment of risk factors for morbidity and mortality in covid 19 patients in a tertiary care ICU

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. While most people who were infected experienced mild to moderate symptoms and recovered without any specific treatment, only some acquired serious infection that required In-Hospital admission and intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess and describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in COVID 19 Patients in a tertiary care ICU. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Cross sectional study A total of 140 COVID19 infected patients with definite outcomes in the period between March-May 2021 were identified and their medical records were obtained from Department of Medical Records,Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Univariate and Multiple Logistic regression techniques were used to identify the association between potential risk factors, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 140 COVID 19 positive patients were included in the study, out of which 101 expired and 39 were discharged from the Hospital.There was male predominance in the mortality group(71%). The mean age of the mortality group was 58 years. Increased risk of in hospital mortality was found in patients who were not vaccinated (p value-0.008) and in those who were vaccinated, vaccination with single dose (p value-0.022) had higher risk of mortality. Other independent risk factors were increasing age (p value-0.017),CT chest Severity(p value-0.000),CRP(p value-0.000),D-Dimer(p value-0.001), Serum Ferritin(0.002), LDH Levels(p value-0.01), Co-morbidities like Diabetes Mellitus (p value-0.015),Hypertension(p value-0.028),COPD and Asthma(p value-0.032). CONCLUSION: Age, male sex, Vaccination status, CT chest Severity, CRP and D-Dimer levels, Co-morbidities like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, COPD and Asthma were found to be significant independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality among COVID 19 patients admitted in the tertiary care ICU.