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Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Short- and Long-Term Immunity: A General Overview for the Pandemic Contrast.
Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo; Malcangi, Giuseppina; Ceci, Sabino; Patano, Assunta; Corriero, Alberto; Vimercati, Luigi; Azzollini, Daniela; Marinelli, Grazia; Coloccia, Giovanni; Piras, Fabio; Barile, Giuseppe; Settanni, Vito; Mancini, Antonio; De Leonardis, Nicole; Garofoli, Grazia; Palmieri, Giulia; Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo; Rapone, Biagio; Scardapane, Arnaldo; Curatoli, Luigi; Quaranta, Nicola; Ribezzi, Mario; Massaro, Maria; Jones, Megan; Bordea, Ioana Roxana; Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino; Scarano, Antonio; Lorusso, Felice; Macchia, Luigi; Larocca, Angela Maria Vittoria; Aityan, Sergey Khachatur; Tafuri, Silvio; Stefanizzi, Pasquale; Migliore, Giovanni; Brienza, Nicola; Dipalma, Gianna; Favia, Gianfranco; Inchingolo, Francesco.
  • Inchingolo AD; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Malcangi G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Ceci S; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Patano A; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Corriero A; Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy.
  • Vimercati L; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Azzollini D; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Marinelli G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Coloccia G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Piras F; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Barile G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Settanni V; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Mancini A; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • De Leonardis N; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Garofoli G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Palmieri G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Isacco CG; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Rapone B; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Scardapane A; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Curatoli L; Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Quaranta N; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Ribezzi M; Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Massaro M; Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy.
  • Jones M; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Bordea IR; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Tartaglia GM; Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
  • Scarano A; UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
  • Lorusso F; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
  • Macchia L; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
  • Larocca AMV; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Aityan SK; Hygiene Complex Operating Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Place Giulio Cesare 11 BARI CAP, 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Tafuri S; Director Multidisciplinary Research Center, Lincoln University, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
  • Stefanizzi P; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
  • Migliore G; Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy.
  • Brienza N; Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy.
  • Dipalma G; Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy.
  • Favia G; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
  • Inchingolo F; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(15)2022 Jul 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1969296
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The recent COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant increase in cases and an emergency state was induced worldwide. The current knowledge about the COVID-19 disease concerning diagnoses, patient tracking, the treatment protocol, and vaccines provides a consistent contribution for the primary prevention of the viral infection and decreasing the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. The aim of the present investigation was to produce a general overview about the current findings for the COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2 interaction mechanisms with the host, therapies and vaccines' immunization findings.

METHODS:

A literature overview was produced in order to evaluate the state-of-art in SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, prognoses, therapies, and prevention.

RESULTS:

Concerning to the interaction mechanisms with the host, the virus binds to target with its Spike proteins on its surface and uses it as an anchor. The Spike protein targets the ACE2 cell receptor and enters into the cells by using a special enzyme (TMPRSS2). Once the virion is quietly accommodated, it releases its RNA. Proteins and RNA are used in the Golgi apparatus to produce more viruses that are released. Concerning the therapies, different protocols have been developed in observance of the disease severity and comorbidity with a consistent reduction in the mortality rate. Currently, different vaccines are currently in phase IV but a remarkable difference in efficiency has been detected concerning the more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among the many questions in this pandemic state, the one that recurs most is knowing why some people become more seriously ill than others who instead contract the infection as if it was a trivial flu. More studies are necessary to investigate the efficiency of the treatment protocols and vaccines for the more recent detected SARS-CoV-2 variant.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viral Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijms23158485

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viral Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijms23158485