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Evaluation of factors associated with surgical site infection in equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: 54 cases (2010-2019).
Daniels, Alyssa; Pezzanite, Lynn M; Griffenhagen, Gregg M; Hendrickson, Dean A.
  • Daniels A; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  • Pezzanite LM; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  • Griffenhagen GM; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  • Hendrickson DA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Vet Med Sci ; 8(4): 1478-1488, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1971339
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) following orthopaedic implant placement in horses has been reported but not compared with respect to specific antibiotic protocols administered.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine factors associated with SSI in horses undergoing proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis including perioperative antibiotic protocols.

METHODS:

Records were evaluated (2010-2019), and horses undergoing PIPJ arthrodesis were identified. Patient signalment, supervising surgeon, reason for surgery, limb, implants placed, anaesthetic time, duration casting/coaptation postoperatively, antibiotic regimen and incidence/onset SSI were recorded. Bayesian and frequentist logistic regressions were used to estimate the contribution of covariates to infection occurrence.

RESULTS:

Fifty-four PIPJ arthrodeses were performed. SSI occurred in 2/54 (3.7%) on day 15,30. Arthrodesis was performed most commonly for osteoarthritis (33/54, 61.1%), fracture (11/54, 20.4%), and subluxation (5/54, 9.3%). Perioperative systemic antibiotics were administered 1-3 days (15/54, 27.8%) or > 3 days (39/54, 72.2%). Antibiotic protocols included cefazolin/gentamicin (20/54, 37%), cefazolin/gentamicin/doxycycline (14/54, 25.9%) and potassium penicillin/gentamicin (10/54, 18.5%). Regional limb perfusion was performed preoperatively 31/54 (57.4%) and postoperatively 7/54 (13%). Survival to dismissal was 98.1% (53/54 horses) with one horse euthanized due to support limb laminitis. No association was identified between antibiotic selection or duration (1-3 vs. > 3 days), pre-operative regional antibiotic perfusion, intraoperative antibiotic lavage or anaesthetic time (< or > 3 h) and SSI; however, modelling was complicated by quasi-complete or complete separation of the data. Bayesian analysis (but not frequentist analysis) indicated an association between post-operative regional antibiotic perfusion and SSI. Limitations include the retrospective nature of data collection and the low rate of infection overall.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of SSI in this population was lower than that in previous reports of equine orthopaedic internal fixation. There was no difference in SSI rate in cases administered systemic antibiotics for 1-3 days or >3 days, or for those horses that did or did not receive preoperative regional antibiotic perfusion.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Surgical Wound Infection / Horse Diseases Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Vet Med Sci Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Vms3.839

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Surgical Wound Infection / Horse Diseases Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Vet Med Sci Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Vms3.839