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Safety and immunogenicity of the Rotavac and Rotasiil rotavirus vaccines administered in an interchangeable dosing schedule among healthy Indian infants: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4, non-inferiority trial.
Kanungo, Suman; Chatterjee, Pranab; Bavdekar, Ashish; Murhekar, Manoj; Babji, Sudhir; Garg, Richa; Samanta, Sandip; Nandy, Ranjan K; Kawade, Anand; Boopathi, Kangusamy; Kanagasabai, Kaliaperumal; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Kumar, Velusamy Saravana; Gupta, Nivedita; Dutta, Shanta.
  • Kanungo S; Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
  • Chatterjee P; Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Bavdekar A; Department of Paediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
  • Murhekar M; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Babji S; Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
  • Garg R; Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
  • Samanta S; Department of Paediatrics, Dr BC Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, India.
  • Nandy RK; Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
  • Kawade A; Special Care Newborn Unit, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
  • Boopathi K; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Kanagasabai K; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Kamal VK; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Kumar VS; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Gupta N; Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
  • Dutta S; Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India; Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: shanta1232001@gmail.co
Lancet Infect Dis ; 22(8): 1191-1199, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1972393
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. Two vaccines-Rotavac and Rotasiil-are used in routine immunisation in India. The safety and immunogenicity of these vaccines administered in a mixed regimen is not documented. We therefore aimed to compare the safety and seroresponse of recipients of a mixed regimen versus a single regimen.

METHODS:

We did a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4, non-inferiority trial at two sites in India. We recruited healthy infants aged 6-8 weeks. Infants with systemic disorders, weight-for-height Z scores of less than minus three SDs, or a history of persistent diarrhoea were excluded. Eligible infants were randomly allocated to six groups in equal numbers to receive either the single vaccine regimen (ie, Rotavac-Rotavac-Rotavac [group 1] or Rotasiil-Rotasiil-Rotasiil [group 2]) or the mixed vaccine regimen (ie, Rotavac-Rotasiil-Rotavac [group 3], Rotasiil-Rotavac-Rotasiil [group 4], Rotavac-Rotasiil-Rotasiil [group 5], or Rotasiil-Rotavac-Rotavac [group 6]). Randomisation was done using an online software by site in blocks of at least 12. The primary outcome was seroresponse to rotavirus vaccine, measured using rotavirus-specific serum IgA antibodies 4 weeks after the third dose. The seroresponse rates were compared between recipients of the four mixed vaccine regimens (consisting of various combinations of Rotavac and Rotasiil) with recipients of the single vaccine regimens (consisting of Rotavac or Rotasiil only for all three doses). The non-inferiority margin was set at 10%. Safety follow-ups were done for the duration of study participation. This trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry India, number CTRI/2018/08/015317.

FINDINGS:

Between March 25, 2019, and Jan 15, 2020, a total of 1979 eligible infants were randomly assigned to receive a single vaccine regimen (n=659; 329 in group 1 and 330 in group 2) or a mixed vaccine regimen (n=1320; 329 each in groups 3 and 4, and 331 each in groups 5 and 6). All eligible participants received the first dose, 1925 (97·3%) of 1979 received the second dose, and 1894 (95·7%) received all three doses of vaccine. 1852 (93·6%) of 1979 participants completed the follow-up. The immunogenicity analysis consisted of 1839 infants (1238 [67·3%] in the mixed vaccine regimen and 601 [32·7%] in the single vaccine regimen; 13 samples were insufficient in quantity) who completed vaccination and provided post-vaccination sera. The seroresponse rate in the mixed vaccine regimen group (33·5% [95% CI 30·9-36·2]) was non-inferior compared with the single vaccine regimen group (29·6% [26·1-33·4]); the seroresponse rate difference was 3·9% (95% CI -0·7 to 8·3). The proportion of participants with any type of solicited adverse events was 90·9% (95% CI 88·4-93·0) in the single vaccine regimen group and 91·1% (89·5-92·6) in the mixed vaccine regimen group. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or intussusception were reported during the study.

INTERPRETATION:

Rotavac and Rotasiil can be safely used in an interchangeable manner for routine immunisation since the seroresponse was non-inferior in the mixed vaccine regimen compared with the single vaccine regimen. These results allow for flexibility in administering the vaccines, helping to overcome vaccine shortages and supply chain issues, and targeting migrant populations easily.

FUNDING:

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. TRANSLATION For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rotavirus Infections / Rotavirus / Rotavirus Vaccines / Gastroenteritis Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Child / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S1473-3099(22)00161-X

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rotavirus Infections / Rotavirus / Rotavirus Vaccines / Gastroenteritis Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Child / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S1473-3099(22)00161-X