Your browser doesn't support javascript.
Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from adult index cases living with and without HIV in South Africa, 2020-2021: a case-ascertained, prospective observational household transmission study.
Kleynhans, Jackie; Walaza, Sibongile; Martinson, Neil A; Neti, Mzimasi; von Gottberg, Anne; Bhiman, Jinal N; Toi, Dylan; Amoako, Daniel G; Buys, Amelia; Ndlangisa, Kedibone; Wolter, Nicole; Genade, Leisha; Maloma, Lucia; Chewparsad, Juanita; Lebina, Limakatso; de Gouveia, Linda; Kotane, Retshidisitswe; Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Cheryl.
  • Kleynhans J; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Walaza S; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Martinson NA; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
  • Neti M; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • von Gottberg A; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Bhiman JN; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Toi D; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Amoako DG; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
  • Buys A; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Ndlangisa K; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Wolter N; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Genade L; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Maloma L; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Chewparsad J; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Lebina L; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa.
  • de Gouveia L; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Kotane R; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Tempia S; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Cohen C; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Clin Infect Dis ; 2022 Aug 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2231966
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

In South Africa, 19% of the adult population are living with HIV (LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on SARS-CoV-2 household transmission are available.

METHODS:

We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and HIV-uninfected adults and their contacts in South Africa, October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up thrice weekly for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load).

RESULTS:

We recruited 131 index cases and 457 household contacts. HCIR was 59% (220/373); not differing by index HIV status (60% [51/85] in cases LWH vs 58% [163/279] in HIV-uninfected cases, OR 1.0, 95%CI 0.4-2.3). HCIR increased with index case age (35-59 years aOR 3.4 95%CI 1.5-7.8 and ≥60 years aOR 3.1, 95%CI 1.0-10.1) compared to 18-34 years, and contacts' age, 13-17 years (aOR 7.1, 95%CI 1.5-33.9) and 18-34 years (aOR 4.4, 95%CI 1.0-18.4) compared to <5 years. Mean positivity duration at high viral load was 7 days (range 2-17), with longer positivity in cases LWH (aHR 0.4, 95%CI 0.1-0.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration at high viral load. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit, individuals aged 13-34 to acquire SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

Similar

MEDLINE

...
LILACS

LIS


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid