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A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2?
Mousazadeh, Milad; Kabdasli, Isik; Khademi, Sara; Sandoval, Miguel Angel; Moussavi, Seyedeh Parvin; Malekdar, Fatemeh; Gilhotra, Vishakha; Hashemi, Marjan; Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi.
  • Mousazadeh M; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
  • Kabdasli I; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
  • Khademi S; Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Sandoval MA; Health, Safety, and Environment Specialist, North Drilling Company, Ahvaz, Iran.
  • Moussavi SP; Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
  • Malekdar F; Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Gilhotra V; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
  • Hashemi M; Department of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
  • Dehghani MH; Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
J Water Process Eng ; 49: 103077, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1983593
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 epidemic has put the risk of virus contamination in water bodies on the horizon of health authorities. Hence, finding effective ways to remove the virus, especially SARS-CoV-2, from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has emerged as a hot issue in the last few years. Herein, this study first deals with the fate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in WWTPs, then critically reviews and compares different wastewater treatment methods for combatting COVID-19 as well as to increase the water quality. This critical review sheds light the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to inactivate virus, specially SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Although several physicochemical treatment processes (e.g. activated sludge) are commonly used to eliminate pathogens, AOPs are the most versatile and effective virus inactivation methods. For instance, TiO2 is the most known and widely studied photo-catalyst innocuously utilized to degrade pollutants as well as to photo-induce bacterial and virus disinfection due to its high chemical resistance and efficient photo-activity. When ozone is dissolved in water and wastewater, it generates a wide spectrum of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible to degrade materials in virus membranes resulting in destroying the cell wall. Furthermore, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes act through direct oxidation when pathogens react at the anode surface or by indirect oxidation through oxidizing species produced in the bulk solution. Consequently, they represent a feasible choice for the inactivation of a wide range of pathogens. Nonetheless, there are some challenges with AOPs which should be addressed for application at industrial-scale.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study / Reviews Language: English Journal: J Water Process Eng Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jwpe.2022.103077

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study / Reviews Language: English Journal: J Water Process Eng Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jwpe.2022.103077