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Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Mink Related to Host-, Virus- and Farm-Associated Factors, The Netherlands 2020.
Wolters, Wendy J; de Rooij, Myrna M T; Molenaar, Robert Jan; de Rond, Jan; Vernooij, J C M; Meijer, Paola A; Oude Munnink, Bas B; Sikkema, Reina S; van der Spek, Arco N; Spierenburg, Marcel A H; Hakze-van der Honing, Renate W; van der Poel, Wim H M; Koopmans, Marion P G; Stegeman, J Arjan; Smit, Lidwien A M; Augustijn-Schretlen, Marieke; Velkers, Francisca C.
  • Wolters WJ; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • de Rooij MMT; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Molenaar RJ; Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands.
  • de Rond J; Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands.
  • Vernooij JCM; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Meijer PA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Oude Munnink BB; Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands.
  • Sikkema RS; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  • van der Spek AN; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Spierenburg MAH; Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Hakze-van der Honing RW; Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • van der Poel WHM; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
  • Koopmans MPG; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
  • Stegeman JA; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Smit LAM; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Augustijn-Schretlen M; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Velkers FC; Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands.
Viruses ; 14(8)2022 08 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1987986
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on 69 Dutch mink farms in 2020 were studied to identify risk factors for virus introduction and transmission and to improve surveillance and containment measures. Clinical signs, laboratory test results, and epidemiological aspects were investigated, such as the date and reason of suspicion, housing, farm size and distances, human contact structure, biosecurity measures, and presence of wildlife, pets, pests, and manure management. On seven farms, extensive random sampling was performed, and age, coat color, sex, and clinical signs were recorded. Mild to severe respiratory signs and general diseases such as apathy, reduced feed intake, and increased mortality were detected on 62/69 farms. Throat swabs were more likely to result in virus detection than rectal swabs. Clinical signs differed between virus clusters and were more severe for dark-colored mink, males, and animals infected later during the year. Geographical clustering was found for one virus cluster. Shared personnel could explain some cases, but other transmission routes explaining farm-to-farm spread were not elucidated. An early warning surveillance system, strict biosecurity measures, and a (temporary) ban on mink farming and vaccinating animals and humans can contribute to reducing the risks of the virus spreading and acquisition of potential mutations relevant to human and animal health.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Farms / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Mink Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14081754

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Farms / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Mink Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14081754