Analysis of the determinants of hepatitis B risk factors in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Hepatitis B is a disease that attacks the liver and is a world health problem, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Hepatitis B (HBV) infection in pregnant women has become a worldwide concern because transmission is the most common throughout the world, especially in endemic areas. In addition to horizontal transmission, one of the biggest causes is vertical transmission from mother to child or also called the mother to child transmission (MTCT) where a mother who is HBsAg positive will transmit it to the fetus she is carrying. Methods: This study used the Case-Control method with a retrospective approach involving 133 cases and 534 controls with multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Statistical tests showed that education level (p-value = 0.027;OR = 2.705;95% CI 1.197-6.113), parity (p-value = 0.023;OR = 2.846;95% CI 1.228-6.697), and sexual partners (p-value = 0.031;OR = 9.333;95% CI 1.121-77.704) is a risk factor for the incidence of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Meanwhile, the age group (p-value = 0.177) and type of work (p-value = 0.059) were not risk factors for the incidence of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Another study states that the way to avoid the transmission of this infection, one of which is the Antenatal Care (ANC) examination. Conclusions: Education level, parity, and sexual partners are risk factors for hepatitis B incidence in pregnant women. Among all the risk factors found, a sexual partner is the most risk factor for the incidence of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Therefore, it is very important for pregnant women to carry out Antenatal Care (ANC) examinations.