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Encephalitis in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Evidence-Based Analysis.
Islam, Md Asiful; Cavestro, Cinzia; Alam, Sayeda Sadia; Kundu, Shoumik; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Reza, Faruque.
  • Islam MA; Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia.
  • Cavestro C; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
  • Alam SS; Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, San Lazzaro Hospital, ASL CN2, 12051 Alba, CN, Italy.
  • Kundu S; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
  • Kamal MA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
  • Reza F; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Cells ; 11(16)2022 08 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1997526
ABSTRACT
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) predominantly infects the respiratory system, several investigations have shown the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) along the course of the illness, with encephalitis being one of the symptoms. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the characteristics (clinical, neuro-radiological aspects, and laboratory features) and outcomes of encephalitis in COVID-19 patients. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1 December 2019 until 21 July 2022 to identify case reports and case series published on COVID-19 associated with encephalitis. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. This systematic review included 79 studies, including 91 COVID-19 patients (52.7% male) experiencing encephalitis, where 85.6% were adults (49.3 ± 20.2 years), and 14.4% were children (11.2 ± 7.6 years). RT-PCR was used to confirm 92.2% of the COVID-19 patients. Encephalitis-related symptoms were present in 78.0% of COVID-19 patients at the time of diagnosis. In these encephalitis patients, seizure (29.5%), confusion (23.2%), headache (20.5%), disorientation (15.2%), and altered mental status (11.6%) were the most frequently reported neurologic manifestations. Looking at the MRI, EEG, and CSF findings, 77.6%, 75.5%, and 64.1% of the patients represented abnormal results. SARS-CoV-2-associated or -mediated encephalitis were the most common type observed (59.3%), followed by autoimmune encephalitis (18.7%). Among the included patients, 66.7% were discharged (37.8% improved and 28.9% fully recovered), whereas 20.0% of the reported COVID-19-positive encephalitis patients died. Based on the quality assessment, 87.4% of the studies were of high quality. Although in COVID-19, encephalitis is not a typical phenomenon, SARS-CoV-2 seems like a neuropathogen affecting the brain even when there are no signs of respiratory illness, causing a high rate of disability and fatality.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Encephalitis / COVID-19 / Mental Disorders Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cells11162575

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Encephalitis / COVID-19 / Mental Disorders Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cells11162575