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Learning about discrimination during childhood: Implications for racial trauma among Asians and Asian Americans during the pandemic.
Zhang, Emily; Hyun, Sunah; Yip, Tiffany; Hahm, Hyeouk Chris; Liu, Cindy H.
  • Zhang E; Boston College Lynch School of Education and Human Development, United States; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
  • Hyun S; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States.
  • Yip T; Department of Psychology, Fordham University, United States.
  • Hahm HC; Boston University School of Social Work, United States.
  • Liu CH; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States. Electronic address: chliu@bwh.harvard.edu.
Asian J Psychiatr ; 77: 103250, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2007382
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sharp rise in anti-Asian hate crimes, limited data exist on racial trauma and its effects on Asian Americans. The current study investigated how racial discrimination and parental ethnic-racial socialization (cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and promotion of mistrust) were associated with racial trauma among Asian Americans in young adulthood. Increased cultural socialization and preparation for bias in childhood were hypothesized to be associated with lower levels of racial trauma, whereas increased racial discrimination and promotion of mistrust were hypothesized to predict higher levels of racial trauma.

METHODS:

Based on a retrospective report of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, this longitudinal nationwide study within the United States examined 133 Asian and Asian American young adults ages 18-30 who participated in an online survey regarding ethnic identity, childhood ethnic-racial socialization practices, racial discrimination-related experiences, and racial trauma.

RESULTS:

Lifetime discrimination, but not COVID-19-related discrimination, was associated with higher levels of racial trauma. Greater levels of preparation for bias during childhood predicted lower levels of racial trauma in young adulthood. Contrary to the hypothesis, greater levels of cultural socialization predicted higher levels of racial trauma. Promotion of mistrust was not associated with later racial trauma outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

The current study underscores the long-term impacts of parent-child discussions about racism (i.e., preparation for bias) to address racial trauma in young adulthood. Future research should further examine cultural socialization to determine its effects on racial trauma among Asian Americans.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asian / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Asian J Psychiatr Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.ajp.2022.103250

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asian / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Asian J Psychiatr Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.ajp.2022.103250