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Antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prior to vaccination: A nested case-control within the SIREN study.
Atti, Ana; Insalata, Ferdinando; Carr, Edward J; Otter, Ashley D; Castillo-Olivares, Javier; Wu, Mary; Harvey, Ruth; Howell, Michael; Chan, Andrew; Lyall, Jonathan; Temperton, Nigel; Cantoni, Diego; da Costa, Kelly; Nadesalingam, Angalee; Taylor-Kerr, Andrew; Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi; Tranquillini, Caio; Hewson, Jacqueline; Cole, Michelle J; Foulkes, Sarah; Munro, Katie; Monk, Edward J M; Milligan, Iain D; Linley, Ezra; Chand, Meera A; Brown, Colin S; Islam, Jasmin; Semper, Amanda; Charlett, Andre; Heeney, Jonathan L; Beale, Rupert; Zambon, Maria; Hopkins, Susan; Brooks, Tim; Hall, Victoria.
  • Atti A; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK. Electronic address: ana.atti@ukhsa.gov.uk.
  • Insalata F; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Carr EJ; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
  • Otter AD; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
  • Castillo-Olivares J; Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
  • Wu M; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
  • Harvey R; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
  • Howell M; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
  • Chan A; Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
  • Lyall J; Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
  • Temperton N; Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK.
  • Cantoni D; Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK.
  • da Costa K; Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK.
  • Nadesalingam A; Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
  • Taylor-Kerr A; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Hettiarachchi N; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Tranquillini C; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Hewson J; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
  • Cole MJ; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Foulkes S; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Munro K; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Monk EJM; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Milligan ID; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Linley E; Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK Health Security Agency, Oxford Road, Manchester M139WL, UK.
  • Chand MA; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Brown CS; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research (NIHR) Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
  • Islam J; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Semper A; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Charlett A; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol in partnership with Public Health England, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Immunisation at the Londo
  • Heeney JL; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
  • Beale R; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
  • Zambon M; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Hopkins S; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research (NIHR) Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
  • Brooks T; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK.
  • Hall V; UK Health Security Agency, Smith Square, London SW1P, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research (NIHR) Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
J Infect ; 85(5): 545-556, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2007862
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate serological differences between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases and contemporary controls, to identify antibody correlates of protection against reinfection.

METHODS:

We performed a case-control study, comparing reinfection cases with singly infected individuals pre-vaccination, matched by gender, age, region and timing of first infection. Serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S), anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-N), live virus microneutralisation (LV-N) and pseudovirus microneutralisation (PV-N). Results were analysed using fixed effect linear regression and fitted into conditional logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

We identified 23 cases and 92 controls. First infections occurred before November 2020; reinfections occurred before February 2021, pre-vaccination. Anti-S levels, LV-N and PV-N titres were significantly lower among cases; no difference was found for anti-N levels. Increasing anti-S levels were associated with reduced risk of reinfection (OR 0·63, CI 0·47-0·85), but no association for anti-N levels (OR 0·88, CI 0·73-1·05). Titres >40 were correlated with protection against reinfection for LV-N Wuhan (OR 0·02, CI 0·001-0·31) and LV-N Alpha (OR 0·07, CI 0·009-0·62). For PV-N, titres >100 were associated with protection against Wuhan (OR 0·14, CI 0·03-0·64) and Alpha (0·06, CI 0·008-0·40).

CONCLUSIONS:

Before vaccination, protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was directly correlated with anti-S levels, PV-N and LV-N titres, but not with anti-N levels. Detectable LV-N titres were sufficient for protection, whilst PV-N titres >100 were required for a protective effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN11041050.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Infect Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Infect Year: 2022 Document Type: Article