Impact of Virtual vs. In-Person School on Children Meeting the 24-h Movement Guidelines during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ABSTRACT

The pandemic mitigation strategy of closing schools, while necessary, may have unintentionally impacted children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and time spent watching screens. In some locations, schools used hybrid attendance models, with some days during the week requiring in-person and others virtual attendance. This scenario offers an opportunity to evaluate the impact of attending in-person school on meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children (N = 690, 50% girls, K-5th) wore wrist-placed accelerometers for 14 days during October/November 2020. Parents completed daily reports on child time spent on screens and time spent on screens for school. The schools' schedule was learning for 2 days/week in-person and 3 days/week virtually. Using only weekdays (M-F), the 24-h movement behaviors were classified, and the probability of meeting all three was compared between in-person vs. virtual learning and across grades. Data for 4956 weekdays (avg. 7 d/child) were collected. In-person school was associated with a greater proportion (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.33-2.18) of days that children were meeting the 24-h movement guidelines compared to virtual school across all grades. Students were more likely to meet the screen time (OR = 9.14, 95% CI 7.05-11.83) and MVPA (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.25-1.80) guidelines and less likely to meet the sleep (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.62-0.86) guidelines on the in-person compared to the virtual school days. Structured environments, such as school, have a protective effect on children's movement behaviors, especially physical activity and screen time.