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Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico.
Dahal, Sushma; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Luo, Ruiyan; Sattenspiel, Lisa; Self-Brown, Shannon; Chowell, Gerardo.
  • Dahal S; School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address: sdahal2@student.gsu.edu.
  • Mamelund SE; Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
  • Luo R; School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
  • Sattenspiel L; College of Arts and Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
  • Self-Brown S; School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
  • Chowell G; School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
Int J Infect Dis ; 122: 910-920, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2015444
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

Indigenous populations have been disproportionately affected during pandemics. We investigated COVID-19 mortality estimates among indigenous and non-indigenous populations at national and sub-national levels in Mexico.

METHODS:

We obtained data from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, on 2,173,036 laboratory-confirmed RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases and 238,803 deaths. We estimated mortality per 1000 person-weeks, mortality rate ratio (RR) among indigenous vs. non-indigenous groups, and hazard ratio (HR) for COVID-19 deaths across four waves of the pandemic, from February 2020 to March 2022. We also assessed differences in the reproduction number (Rt).

RESULTS:

The mortality rate among indigenous populations of Mexico was 68% higher than that of non-indigenous groups. Out of 32 federal entities, 23 exhibited higher mortality rates among indigenous groups (P < 0.05 in 13 entities). The fourth wave showed the highest RR (2.40). The crude HR was 1.67 (95% CI 1.62, 1.72), which decreased to 1.08 (95% CI 1.04, 1.11) after controlling for other covariates. During the intense fourth wave, the Rt among the two groups was comparable.

CONCLUSION:

Indigenous status is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. Our findings may reflect disparities in non-pharmaceutical (e.g., handwashing and using facemasks), and COVID-19 vaccination interventions among indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: Int J Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: Int J Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article