Oral-Systemic Health and Disorders: Latest Advances on Oral–Gut–Lung Microbiome Axis
Applied Sciences
; 12(16):8213, 2022.
Article
in English
| ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2023099
ABSTRACT
In particular, the bi-directional communication network, also known as the gut lung axis connecting the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota, is considered responsible for the massively increased bacterial load in the cecum after acute lung injury, causing alterations in airway microbiota and its transitory translocation into the bloodstream toward the bowel [7,8]. [...]subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often show intestinal hyper-permeability and a high prevalence of IBD [9]. Both mechanisms would underlie the association between periodontitis and inflammatory and degenerative diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, age-related macular degeneration [22], chronic inflammatory bowel disease [23], and solid neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma [24]. [...]intestinal microbes could, due to mucosal barrier impairment, translocate to the liver through the biliary tract and the portal vein, and oral dysbiosis could exacerbate chronic liver diseases, likely modulating the gut ecosystem through the oral–gut axis, on the one side, and may reflect the intestinal dysbiotic ecosystem, affected in turn by hepatic diseases, on the other side [12,25]. Furthermore, mainly the upper but also the lower airways of healthy individuals frequently harbor oral anaerobes, including Prevotella and Veillonella species, probably secondary to continuing microaspiration by contiguity. [...]detecting oral bacterial DNA in the lower airways in healthy subjects could represent the traces of aspirated oral bacteria either not eliminated through physiological clearance or living in dynamic equilibrium with host defensive responses by promoting mucosal immunity of the Th17/neutrophilic phenotype and suppressing innate immunity. Whether bacteria from the oral microbiome regulate responses to pulmonary pathogens and whether they interfere in inflammatory lung disease pathogenesis [26] is still under study. [...]a growing body of evidence highlights that gut and oral dysbioses, interconnected with the local microbial and inflammatory environment of the lung, liver, and other organs, are crucially implied in a multitude of diseases also involving distant organs.
Sciences: Comprehensive Works; Physiology; Periodontitis; Obstructive lung disease; Atherosclerosis; Liver; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Lymphocytes T; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Phenotypes; Lung diseases; Neoplasms; Liver diseases; Age related diseases; Bacteria; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Microorganisms; Anaerobes; Immunity; Arteriosclerosis; Mucosal immunity; Portal vein; Orthodontics; Dysbacteriosis; Microbiota; Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA; Colorectal carcinoma; Pathogenesis; Digestive system; Biliary tract; Macular degeneration; Diseases; Translocation; Infections; Helper cells; Pathogens; Inflammatory bowel disease; Permeability; Age; Neurodegenerative diseases; Organs; Lungs; Digestive tract; Alzheimers disease; Intestine; Asthma; Probiotics; Cecum; Bacterial infections; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Conflicts of interest; Viral infections; Alzheimer's disease; Eye diseases
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
ProQuest Central
Language:
English
Journal:
Applied Sciences
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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