Inhalation Vaccine Development

ABSTRACT

Numerous advantages to inhalation vaccines Vaccines delivered via inhalation enable targeting of the respiratory tract mucosa and generation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, according to Pierre A. Morgon, executive vice president. [...]inhaled vaccines delivered as liquids using nebulizers can potentially be administered with lower requirement for extensive healthcare infrastructure or as many trained healthcare personnel within an immunization centre (2). Researchers at McMaster University, for instance, have shown inhalation of a tuberculosis vaccine to be more effective than delivery via nasal sprays, because the vaccine penetrates much deeper into the airway (8). Because inhaled vaccines provide local immunity to the respiratory tract, they are seen to be ideal solutions for interrupting the spread of viruses with high transmission rates and the potential to lead to global pandemics (9). Beyond these two approaches, there are inhalation vaccines under development based on attenuated influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) 5, lentiviruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV);bacterium vectors, nucleic acids (messenger RNA, DNA), and protein subunits (3).