Variants of SARS coronavirus-2 and their potential impact on the future of the COVID-19 pandemic
Zoonoses
; 1(7), 2021.
Article
in English
| CAB Abstracts | ID: covidwho-2025749
ABSTRACT
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), especially the sweeping spread of the delta variant, and differing public health management strategies, have rendered global eradication of SARS-CoV-2 unlikely. The currently available COVID-19 vaccines, including the inactivated whole virus vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, are effective in protecting people from severe disease and death from COVID-19, but they may not confer good mucosal immunity to prevent the establishment of infection and subsequent viral shedding and transmission. Mucosal vaccines delivered via intranasal route may provide a promising direction, which, if given as a third dose after a two-dose series of intramuscular vaccination, likely promotes mucosal immunity in addition to boosting the systemic cell-mediated immunity and antibody response. However, immunity induced by vaccination, and natural infection as well, is likely to wane followed by re-infection as in the case of human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1. It is a challenge to prevent and control COVID-19 worldwide with the increasing number of VOCs associated with increased transmissibility and changing antigenicity. Nevertheless, we may seek to end the current pandemic situation through mass vaccination and gradual relaxation of non-pharmaceutical measures, which would limit the incidence of severe COVID-19. Repeated doses of booster vaccine will likely be required, similar to influenza virus, especially for the elderly and the immunocompromised patients who are most vulnerable to infection.
Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans [VV210]; Human Immunology and Allergology [VV055]; Host Resistance and Immunity [HH600]; human diseases; coronavirus disease 2019; viral diseases; public health; pandemics; vaccines; vaccination; immunity; antibodies; immune response; immunization; disease prevention; health protection; disease transmission; mucosa; cell mediated immunity; dosage; reinfection; human coronaviruses; immune sensitization; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; man; Human coronavirus OC43; Human coronavirus 229E; Human coronavirus NL63; Human coronavirus HKU1; Coronavirinae; Hong Kong; China; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; Betacoronavirus; Coronaviridae; Nidovirales; positive-sense ssRNA Viruses; ssRNA Viruses; RNA Viruses; viruses; Homo; Hominidae; primates; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; eukaryotes; Betacoronavirus 1; Alphacoronavirus; APEC countries; Central Southern China; East Asia; Asia; high Human Development Index countries; upper-middle income countries; secondary immunization; SARS-CoV-2; viral infections; immunity reactions; immunological reactions; mucous membrane; cellular immunity; Xianggang; People's Republic of China
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
CAB Abstracts
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
Topics:
Variants
Language:
English
Journal:
Zoonoses
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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