Distinct Immune Phenotypes and Cytokine Profiles in Children with Differing Severity of COVID-19.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
; 41(11): 919-926, 2022 11 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2029110
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually mild and self-limited in children. However, a few Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections in children may progress to severe disease with respiratory distress or can result in a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. The immune mechanisms for these differential clinical outcomes are largely unknown.METHODS:
A prospective cohort study was performed to analyze the laboratory parameters, antibody response, immune phenotypes and cytokine profiles of 51 children with different clinical presentations of COVID-19.RESULTS:
We found that the absolute lymphocyte counts gradually decreased with disease severity. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in the acute phase and convalescence were not significantly different in patients with different disease severity. A decrease in CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was observed as disease severity increased. Both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were activated in children with COVID-19, but no difference in the percentage of HLADR + -expressing cells was detected across the severity groups. In contrast, MIS-C patients exhibited augmented exhausted effector memory CD8 + T cells. Interestingly, the cytokine profile in sera of moderate/severe and MIS-C patients revealed an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-1RA and a suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α, RANTES, eotaxin and PDGF-BB. MIS-C patients also exhibited augmented IL-1ß.CONCLUSIONS:
We report distinct immune profiles dependent on severity in pediatric COVID-19 patients. Further investigation in a larger population will help unravel the immune mechanisms underlying pediatric COVID-19.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cytokines
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Topics:
Long Covid
/
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Pediatr Infect Dis J
Journal subject:
Communicable Diseases
/
Pediatrics
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
INF.0000000000003669
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