Association between Levels of vitamin D concentrations and inflammatory state in COVID 19

ABSTRACT

Hypovitaminosis D was shown to be prevalent in this research of 124 people who were COVID-19 positive. With a p-value of 0.001, greater serum concentrations of inflammatory markers like COVID-19 were significantly related with lower vitamin D levels (D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin). One way to gauge the severity of COVID-19 infection is by looking at the serum vitamin D level. An increased risk of acute respiratory infection is linked to vitamin D deficiency. The processes through which vitamin D influences the immune system are complex. The usual immunomodulatory activity appears to be inhibited with reduced serum vitamin D concentrations, favoring a pro-inflammatory phase. Less effective macrophage activity and antigen presentation may be caused by insufficient vitamin D levels. As a result, low vitamin D levels may potentially contribute to a delayed or dysregulated response to the body's initial contact with SARS-CoV-2 or prevent the construction of an effective defense in cases of established SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammation and the biological functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems are linked to vitamin D. Coronavirus illness risk or severity have been observed to be inversely correlated with blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in observational studies (COVID-19). The significance of vitamin D in COVID-19 has been attributed to a number of pathways, such as the modulation of immunological and inflammatory responses, control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, and participation in glucose metabolism and the cardiovascular system. Patients with COVID-19 may be more likely to experience catastrophic consequences if their 25(OH)D levels are low, not only because of the hyperinflammatory state that is often present but also because it aggravates cardiovascular disease and impaired glucose metabolism that already exist. Some randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that supplementing with vitamin D is helpful for lowering coronavirus 2 RNA positivity in SARS, but not for lowering intensive care unit admission or all-cause death in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. According to the most recent research, taking a vitamin D supplement to keep your serum 25(OH)D level at or above 30 ng/mL (recommended range 40–60 ng/mL) may help lower your risk of developing COVID-19 and its serious consequences, such as death. According to worldwide recommendations, it is prudent to suggest vitamin D supplements to those who have vitamin D shortage or insufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic, even though additional well-designed research are necessary.