Development of novel vaccines using nanomaterials against COVID-19

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted human lives. This massive disruptive outbreak of the SARS-Cov-2 virus rapidly became the cause of universal fatality on a large scale. History demonstrates that vaccination is the most effective approach to prevent or sustainably control diverse infectious diseases. This scenario demanded the global urgency to develop a successful vaccine to set human lives’ normalcy back. The global health-care community established a new paradigm of rapid vaccine development at unprecedented speed. In this regard, nanomaterials played a remarkable role in designing innovative vaccine platforms. In this chapter, we discuss promises and challenges associated with the deployment of nanomaterials for successful execution of vaccination programs that mainly comprise vaccine design, precise delivery, and administration. Vaccine efficacy largely depends on the strength of the defensive response generated by immune cells. Nanostructure materials favor vaccine customization by convenient tailoring to mimic natural targets of the host immune system. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.