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Protective factors against depressive symptoms among Brazilian healthcare workers during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.
Januario, Eric Marques; Valdivia, Lucianne Jobim; Schmitt Júnior, Antonio Augusto; de Almeida Claudino, Felipe Cesar; Brenner, Augusto Mädke; Sica da Rocha, Neusa.
  • Januario EM; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil ejanuario@hcpa.edu.br.
  • Valdivia LJ; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Psychiatry Department of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Schmitt Júnior AA; I-QOL Innovations and interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • de Almeida Claudino FC; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Brenner AM; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Psychiatry Department of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Sica da Rocha N; I-QOL Innovations and interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
BMJ Open ; 12(9): e056326, 2022 09 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2038297
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers and possible factors associated with this outcome (resilience, spirituality, social support, quality of life, among other individual variables). Our hypothesis is that some of these factors can have a protective effect on depressive symptoms.

DESIGN:

Web-based cross-sectional survey.

SETTING:

Participants were recruited online from 16 April to 23 April 2020.

PARTICIPANTS:

1043 healthcare workers, predominantly Brazilians, aged 18 years or older. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME

MEASURES:

Depression was the primary outcome, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Possible protective factors were measured in the following ways social support was assessed by the modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS); spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs (SRPB) were evaluated using the 9-item SRPB module of the brief WHO Quality of Life instrument (WHOQoL-SRPB-bref); quality of life was assessed using the brief EUROHIS instrument for Quality of Life (EUROHIS-QoL 8-item); resilience was assessed using the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10).

RESULTS:

23% met the criteria for depression according to the PHQ-9 scale. Quality of life (B=-3.87 (-4.30 to -3.43), ß=-0.37, p<0.001), social support (B=-0.32 (-0.59 to -0.05), ß=-0.04, p=0.022), resilience (B=-0.19 (-0.23 to -0.15), ß=-0.20, p<0.001), SRPB (B=-0.03 (-0.05 to -0.02), ß=-0.01, p<0.001) and physical exercise (B=-0.95 (-1.40 to -0.51), ß=-0.08, p<0.001) demonstrated protective effects against depression.

CONCLUSION:

Healthcare workers have a high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those working in the front line. However, there are factors that seem to work as protective mechanisms against depression, notably perceived quality of life.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality of Life / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-056326

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality of Life / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-056326