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SARS-CoV-2 detection methods: A comprehensive review.
Alhamid, Galyah; Tombuloglu, Huseyin; Rabaan, Ali A; Al-Suhaimi, Ebtesam.
  • Alhamid G; Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
  • Tombuloglu H; Biotechnology Master Program, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
  • Rabaan AA; Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Suhaimi E; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 29(11): 103465, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2042138
ABSTRACT
The ongoing novel COVID-19 has remained the center of attention, since its declaration as a pandemic in March 2020, due to its rapid and uncontrollable worldwide spread. Diagnostic tests are the first line of defense against the transmission of this infectious disease among individuals, with reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) being the approved gold standard for showing high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, alternative tests are being invested due to the global demand for facilities, reagents, and healthcare workers needed for rapid population-based testing. Also, the rapid evolution of the viral genome and the emergence of new variants necessitates updating the existing methods. Scientists are aiming to improve tests to be affordable, simple, fast, and at the same time accurate, and efficient, as well as friendly user testing. The current diagnostic methods are either molecular-based that detect nucleic acids abundance, like RT-qPCR and reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP); or immunologically based that detect the presence of antigens or antibodies in patients' specimens, like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow assay (LFA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and neutralization assay. In addition to these strategies, sensor-based or CRISPR applications are promising tools for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the most recent updates on the SARS-CoV-2 detection methods with their limitations. It will guide researchers, epidemiologists, and clinicians in identifying a more rapid, reliable, and sensitive method of diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 including the most recent variant of concern Omicron.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study Topics: Variants Language: English Journal: Saudi J Biol Sci Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.sjbs.2022.103465

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study Topics: Variants Language: English Journal: Saudi J Biol Sci Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.sjbs.2022.103465