Machine Learning Approach for Forecast Analysis of Novel COVID-19 Scenarios in India

ABSTRACT

The novel coronavirus (nCOV) is a new strain that needs to be hindered from spreading by taking effective preventive measures as swiftly as possible. Timely forecasting of COVID-19 cases can ultimately support in making significant decisions and planning for implementing preventive measures. In this study, three common machine learning (ML) approaches via linear regression (LR), sequential minimal optimization (SMO) regression, and M5P techniques have been discussed and implemented for forecasting novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic scenarios. To demonstrate the forecast accuracy of the aforementioned ML approaches, a preliminary sample-study has been conducted on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario for three different countries including the United States of America (USA), Italy, and Australia. Furthermore, the contributions of this study are extended by conducting an in-depth forecast study on COVID-19 pandemic scenarios for the first, second, and third waves in India. An accurate forecasting model has been proposed, which has been constructed on the basis of the results of the aforementioned forecasting models of COVID-19 pandemic scenarios. The findings of the research highlight that LR is a potential approach that outperforms all other forecasting models tested herein in the present COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Finally, the LR approach has been used to forecast the likely onset of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in India.