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Did Covid-19 lockdown positively affect the urban environment and UN- Sustainable Development Goals?
Nigam, Ritwik; Tripathi, Gaurav; Priya, Tannu; Luis, Alvarinho J; Vaz, Eric; Kumar, Shashikant; Shakya, Achala; Damásio, Bruno; Kotha, Mahender.
  • Nigam R; School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (SEOAS), Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India.
  • Tripathi G; Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
  • Priya T; Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
  • Luis AJ; Polar Remote Sensing Section, National Centre of Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Science, Govt. of India, Headland Sada, Goa, India.
  • Vaz E; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Kumar S; Department of Architecture, Parul University, Limda, Gujarat, India.
  • Shakya A; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Derhradun, India.
  • Damásio B; NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Kotha M; School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (SEOAS), Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India.
PLoS One ; 17(9): e0274621, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2043207
ABSTRACT
This work quantifies the impact of pre-, during- and post-lockdown periods of 2020 and 2019 imposed due to COVID-19, with regards to a set of satellite-based environmental parameters (greenness using Normalized Difference Vegetation and water indices, land surface temperature, night-time light, and energy consumption) in five alpha cities (Kuala Lumpur, Mexico, greater Mumbai, Sao Paulo, Toronto). We have inferenced our results with an extensive questionnaire-based survey of expert opinions about the environment-related UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results showed considerable variation due to the lockdown on environment-related SDGs. The growth in the urban environmental variables during lockdown phase 2020 relative to a similar period in 2019 varied from 13.92% for Toronto to 13.76% for greater Mumbai to 21.55% for Kuala Lumpur; it dropped to -10.56% for Mexico and -1.23% for Sao Paulo city. The total lockdown was more effective in revitalizing the urban environment than partial lockdown. Our results also indicated that Greater Mumbai and Toronto, which were under a total lockdown, had observed positive influence on cumulative urban environment. While in other cities (Mexico City, Sao Paulo) where partial lockdown was implemented, cumulative lockdown effects were found to be in deficit for a similar period in 2019, mainly due to partial restrictions on transportation and shopping activities. The only exception was Kuala Lumpur which observed surplus growth while having partial lockdown because the restrictions were only partial during the festival of Ramadan. Cumulatively, COVID-19 lockdown has contributed significantly towards actions to reduce degradation of natural habitat (fulfilling SDG-15, target 15.5), increment in available water content in Sao Paulo urban area(SDG-6, target 6.6), reduction in NTL resulting in reducied per capita energy consumption (SDG-13, target 13.3).
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sustainable Development / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0274621

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sustainable Development / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0274621