COVID-19 in a 16-Year-Old Adolescent With Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II: Case Report and Review of Literature
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
; 29(2):70-76, 2022.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2044251
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with underlying diseases, is associated with high infection and mortality rates, which may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II is a progressive metabolic disorder that stems from cellular accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans, heparan, and dermatan sulfate. Upper and lower airway obstruction and restrictive pulmonary diseases are common complaints of patients with MPS, and respiratory infections of bacterial or viral origin could result in fatal outcomes. We report a case of COVID-19 in a 16-year-old adolescent with MPS type II, who had been treated with idursulfase since 5 years of age. Prior to infection, the patient’s clinical history included developmental delays, abdominal distension, snoring, and facial dysmorphism. His primary complaints at the time of admission included rhinorrhea, cough, and sputum without fever or increased oxygen demand. His heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were within the normal biological reference intervals, and chest radiography revealed no signs of pneumonia. Consequently, supportive therapy and quarantine were recommended. The patient experienced an uneventful course of COVID-19 despite underlying MPS type II, which may be the result of an unfavorable host cell environment and changes in expression patterns of proteins involved in interactions with viral proteins. Moreover, elevated serum heparan sulfate in patients with MPS may compete with cell surface heparan sulfate, which is essential for successful interaction between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and the host cell surface, thereby protecting against intracellular penetration by SARS-CoV-2.
abdominal distension; adolescent; article; breathing rate; cell surface; coronavirus disease 2019; coughing; developmental delay; face dysmorphia; fever; heart rate; host cell; human; human tissue; Hunter syndrome; literature; male; nonhuman; oxygen saturation; pneumonia; quarantine; reference value; rhinorrhea; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; snoring; sputum; systematic review; thorax radiography; endogenous compound; heparan sulfate; iduronate 2 sulfatase; oxygen; virus spike protein
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Type of study:
Case report
Language:
English
Journal:
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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