Does an Intradermal Vaccination for Monkeypox Make Sense?

ABSTRACT

Mankind has recently had to deal a series of virus-mediated pandemics, resulting in extensive morbidity and mortality rates that have severely strained healthcare systems. While dealing with viral infections as a healthcare concern is not new, our exceptionally mobile society has added to the critical challenge of limiting pathogen spread of a highly transmissible virus prior to the generation, testing, and distribution of safe and effective vaccines. The tremendous global effort put forth to address the recent pandemic induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection has highlighted many of the strengths and weaknesses of how vaccines are identified, tested, and used to provide protection. These uncertainties are exacerbated by the lack of clear and consistent messaging that can occur when the processes of research, development, and clinical testing that normally requires years of study and consideration are compressed into a few months. In this commentary, I will provide some background on the intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and intradermal (ID) administration routes used for injectable vaccines and some information on potential immunological outcomes. With this background, I will address the recent FDA decision to allow an approved vaccine against monkeypox virus to be administered by ID, as well as its initial approval route via SC, injection as a dose-sparing strategy to maximize immunization numbers using current stockpiles.