Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.

ABSTRACT

Coronaviruses are a large family of single-stranded ARN viruses that infect a wide variety of animals, including humans. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the disease called COVID-19, has infected 27,249,308 people and caused 890,971 deaths worldwide until September 7, 2020. Considering the genetic similarities between SARSCoV- 2 and the epidemic coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS, presumably they share tropisms for specific cell lines and systemic conditions. The clinical and paraclinical characteristics of this new virus have been described in detail at the pulmonary level, although there is increasing evidence that it is a multisystemic agent. In the present work, we describe the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 reported to date, including hematological, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, muscular, ophthalmological, endocrine-metabolic, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, cutaneous and in special populations pediatric (including multisystemic inflammatory syndrome) and pregnant women. It is essential to know the systemic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection when managing these patients, given the potential risk to life of the most serious manifestations. Therefore, it is advisable to consider them in a targeted manner and provide timely treatment as far as possible. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Los coronavirus son una gran familia de ARN-virus de cadena simple, que infectan a una amplia variedad de animales, incluyendo a los humanos. El virus SARS-CoV-2, que es responsable de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19, ha infectado a 27,249,308 personas y ha causado 890,971 muertes en todo el mundo hasta el 7 de septiembre de 2020. Considerando las similitudes genéticas entre SARS-CoV-2 y los coronavirus epidémicos SARS-CoV y MERS, es de suponer que compartan tropismos por líneas celulares específicas y afecciones sistémicas. Se han descrito detalladamente las características clínicas y paraclínicas pulmonares de este nuevo virus, aunque hay cada vez mayor evidencia de que se trata de un agente de índole multisistémica. En este trabajo, describimos las manifestaciones extrapulmonares de COVID-19 reportadas hasta la actualidad, incluyendo hematológicas, cardiovasculares, neurológicas, renales, musculares, oftalmológicas, endocrino-metabólicas, gastrointestinales, hepatobiliares, cutáneas y en poblaciones especiales pediátrica (incluido el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico) y embarazadas. Es fundamental conocer las complicaciones sistémicas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 al momento de manejar a estos pacientes, debido al potencial riesgo para la vida de las manifestaciones más graves. Por ello, es recomendable considerarlas de manera dirigida y otorgar un tratamiento oportuno en la medida de lo posible. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Medicina Interna de Mexico is the property of Colegio de Medicina Interna de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)