Impact of the Second Wave of COVID 19 on Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Tertiary Care Centre and its Comparison with the First Wave - Observational Study

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, have similar effect on pregnant women as influenza or other coronavirus infections. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to be context specific and differ depending on a variety of country-specific factors. A global pandemic is likely to only reveal its consequences after significant time passes, and literature published before or immediately after policies are implemented may not capture all relevant outcomes. Material(s) and Method(s) The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. It included all antenatal COVID 19 patients which reported to the hospital during April 2020 to May 2021, 1st wave from April 2020 to December 2020 and second wave from Jan 2021 to May 2021 after taking due informed consent. The detailed history and full clinical and general examination were performed using a predesigned proforma. The antenatal patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe COVID. Data on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, maternal and perinatal outcomes were extracted and analysed. The comparisons of 1st wave and second wave was done. Result(s) There were 210 confirmed pregnant women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). 26 maternal deaths occurred from these confirmed cases. Compared to pregnant women without COVID-19, pregnant women with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis had an increased risk of maternal complications and caesarean section. In initial months (April 20 to December 20) there were 89 confirmed cases of covid 19 and 4 maternal mortality and from January 21 to May 21 there were 121 cases and 22 maternal deaths. The second wave has taken greater toll on life of pregnant women. Conclusion(s) In the second wave, pregnant women with severe or critical coronavirus disease were admitted to the ICU, intubated if they require mechanical ventilation, and were at increased risk of composite morbidity. Thus, the second wave affected the pregnant women in a much serious way and the maternal as well as fetal outcome were very poor. Copyright © 2022, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.