NEW-ONSET SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND STEVEN JOHNSONS SYNDROME WITH SEVERE ARDS HERALDED BY POST-COVID-19 INFECTION MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN AN ADULT (MIS-A)

ABSTRACT

SESSION TITLE Autoimmune Diseases Gone Wild Rare Cases of Pulmonary Manifestations SESSION TYPE Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON 10/18/2022 0135 pm - 0235 pm INTRODUCTION: Post-Covid-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with either the acute or recovery phase of covid-19 infection affecting multiple organ systems requiring hospitalization. This syndrome has been described in both children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A). Several case reports and systematic reviews have reported an association between post-covid-19 MIS-A and several autoimmune diseases. CASE PRESENTATION We herein report a case of a 27-year-old female with no known chronic medical condition and a non-contributory family history who was diagnosed with post-covid-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). She presented with generalized partial thickness erythematous skin ulcerations with tender blistering and painful erosion of her mucus membranes (oral and vaginal mucosa). This was diagnosed as Steven Johnsons syndrome. She was pulsed with intravenous methylprednisone. During this therapy, she progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation (fig 1). Bronchoscopy revealed mild pulmonary hemorrhage fig 2a&b). Serological testing heralded a new onset systemic lupus erythematosus in light of positive antinuclear antibodies, anti Ds DNA and anti Smith antibodies. Her course was complicated by significant proteinuria and an active renal cast suggestive of lupus nephritis. This necessitated further treatment for active lupus. She was successfully extubated and discharged home. DISCUSSION: We arrived at the diagnosis of post-covid-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) in light of her presenting with fever, hypotension, persistent sinus tachycardia and new onset atrial fibrillation), acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, elevation in transaminases, new onset skin rash, elevated inflammatory markers and a recent history of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Covid-19 has been reported to induce wide spread vasculitis resulting in MIS-A or MIS-C by triggering type 3 hypersensitivity (1). Also, multiple case reports and systemic reviews have reported a direct association between MIS-A and several autoimmune diseases including SLE, SJS (2). The patient recovered with high dose corticosteroid and supportive therapy indicating her severe ARDS was most likely due associated to SJS, SLE and MIS-A. Clinicians should also keep in mind that SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab may be negative at the time patient presents with symptoms of MIS-A as the infection might have occurred about 4-5weeks prior just as in our patient(3) CONCLUSIONS: We cannot underscore enough the importance of clinicians having a high index of suspicion for this syndrome in patients with acute or recent covid-19 infection, with or without a positive PCR covid-19 test. Early involvement of a multidisciplinary approach and appropriate management is essential to mitigate morbidity and mortality in these patients. Reference #1 Roncati L, Ligabue G, Fabbiani L, Malagoli C, Gallo G, Lusenti B, et al. Type 3 hypersensitivity in COVID-19 vasculitis. Clin Immunol Orlando Fla. 2020 Aug;217108487. Reference #2 Gracia-Ramos AE, Martin-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G. New Onset of Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19 Diagnosis. Cells [Internet]. 2021 Dec 20 [cited 2022 Mar 22];10(12)3592. Available from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700122/ Reference #3 Morris SB. Case Series of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection — United Kingdom and United States, March–August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 22];69. Available from https//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6940e1.htm DISCLOSURES No relevant relationships by Isaac Ikwu No relevant relationships by Anthony Lyonga Ngonge No relevant relationships by Alem Mehari No relevant relationships by Noordeep Panesar no disclosure on file for Vis al Poddar;No relevant relationships by Emnet Yibeltal