Design principles for fully online flipped learning in health professions education: a systematic review of research during the COVID-19 pandemic.
BMC Med Educ
; 22(1): 720, 2022 Oct 13.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2064784
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, some instructors transitioned their courses into a fully online environment by adopting flipped learning. In this context, this review examined the challenges to fully online flipped learning and identified useful course-design elements for practicing this instructional approach in health professions education.METHODS:
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for selecting relevant articles. Thirty-three empirical studies (with 32 unique interventions) published between 2020 and 2021 (i.e., the first 2 years of the pandemic) were selected for analysis.RESULTS:
When the instructors in the reviewed studies designed and implemented their online flipped courses, numerous challenges emerged, which could be broadly categorized into student-related challenges (e.g., unfamiliarity with online flipped learning; N = 5), faculty challenges (e.g., increased workload; N = 8), and operational challenges (e.g., students' technical problems; N = 9). Nevertheless, we identified various useful elements for online flipped learning practice and organized them based on the following components of the Revised Community of Inquiry (RCoI) framework cognitive presence (e.g., application of knowledge/skills; N = 12), social presence (e.g., peer interaction; N = 11), teaching presence (e.g., instructors' real-time demonstration/facilitation; N = 17), and learner presence (e.g., care and emotional support; N = 4).CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the findings from the review and the RCoI framework, we developed nine principles for the effective practice of online flipped learning. These principles appear crucial for sustaining quality health professions education in a fully online flipped learning environment.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Education, Distance
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
BMC Med Educ
Journal subject:
Education
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S12909-022-03782-0
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