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SARS-CoV-2: The Impact of Co-Infections with Particular Reference to Mycoplasma pneumonia-A Clinical Review.
Marino, Silvia; Pavone, Piero; Marino, Lidia; Nunnari, Giuseppe; Ceccarelli, Manuela; Coppola, Claudio; Distefano, Chiara; Falsaperla, Raffaele.
  • Marino S; Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, AOU "Rodolico-San Marco", PO "San Marco", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Pavone P; Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Marino L; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU], AOU "Rodolico-San Marco", PO "San Marco", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Nunnari G; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
  • Ceccarelli M; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Coppola C; Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, School of Specialization in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Distefano C; Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, School of Specialization in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
  • Falsaperla R; Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, AOU "Rodolico-San Marco", PO "San Marco", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Microorganisms ; 10(10)2022 Sep 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2066264
ABSTRACT

Background:

After its 2019 outbreak in Wuhan, scientists worldwide have been studying the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children. Evidence indicates that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are more likely to develop upper and lower respiratory tract infections in association with other infectious agents, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Here, we conducted a systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection and their clinical course in children.

Methods:

We evaluated the published literature on SARS-CoV-2 by using the medical databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. In the searches, the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms "SARS-CoV-2 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae" AND "co-infection SARS-CoV-2" were used. Studies describing co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children were included in the review. The study was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results:

According to the PRISMA guidelines, of the 38 identified studies, 14 were conducted in children (children/adolescents 0-18 years), 6 of which were included in this review. In total, 5867 children under the age of 17 years were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection through real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs to detect viral RNA. Elevated serum IgM levels specific to Mycoplasma pneumoniae were observed in 534 children and were associated with a Kawasaki-like illness in one child. To date, all of the children are alive.

Conclusion:

This study underlines the importance of considering, depending on the clinical context, a possible co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and atypical bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Co-infections with other respiratory pathogens during the pandemic and hospital stay can cause mistakes in clinical diagnostic and drug treatment. Physicians should perform early differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in association with other infectious agents. Further studies are needed to have a real incidence of these co-infections and their impact on symptoms, course, and outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Microorganisms10101936

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Microorganisms10101936