Industrial Wastewater Discharge and Compliance Investigation for Environmentally Resilient Rwanda
Water
; 14(19):3100, 2022.
Article
in English
| ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2066637
ABSTRACT
While Rwanda is aiming at environmental pollution resilience and green growth, some industries are still discharging untreated effluent into the environment. This study gives a general overview of the compliance level of industrial effluent discharge in Rwanda and the linked negative environmental impacts. It comprises qualitative and quantitative analyses of data obtained from wastewater samples collected from five selected industries in Rwanda. The selected industries had previously been audited and monitored by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), due to complains from neighboring residents. The study found that the effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for all concerned industries failed to comply with (i) oil and grease (O&G) national and international tolerable parameter limits or the (ii) fecal coliforms national standard. In addition, a compliance level of 66.7% was observed for key water quality monitoring parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals (i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr)). Following these study findings, one industry was closed by the REMA for deliberately discharging untreated effluent into an adjacent river. This study recommends the adoption of the best available technology for effluent treatment, installation or renovation of existing WWTPs, and the relocation to industrial zones of industries adjacent to fragile environments.
Environmental Studies; wastewater; industrial wastewater discharge; effluent quality; regulatory compliance; environmental resilience; Laboratories; Chemical oxygen demand; Coliforms; Water treatment; Environmental management; Cadmium; Dissolved oxygen; Relocation; Oxygen requirement; COVID-19; Industrial effluents; Qualitative analysis; Industrial wastes; Lead; Metals; Effluents; Grease; Wastewater facilities; Compliance; Heavy metals; Environmental protection; Sustainable development; Industrial wastewater; Coronaviruses; Salinity; Wastewater treatment; Total suspended solids; Discharge; Total oxygen demand; Industrial development; Wastewater treatment plants; Investigations; Installation; Wastewater discharges; Water sampling; Economic growth; Solid suspensions; Biochemical oxygen demand; Water quality; Developing countries--LDCs; Effluent treatment; Pollution; Environmental impact; Industry; Industrial pollution; Faecal coliforms; Chromium; Resilience; Oxygen; Suspended particulate matter; Water quality management; International standardization; Fecal coliforms; High density polyethylenes; Parameters; China; Rwanda
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
ProQuest Central
Language:
English
Journal:
Water
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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