Influence of Covid 19 on cognition impairment with Type II diabetes

ABSTRACT

Background: Due to the increase in life expectancy and population growth over 65 years, cognitive impairment (CI) is gradually increasing. Because of many changes in the human brain that occur with aging, cognitive decline usually worsens with age. The number of neurons, dendrites, synapses, receptors, glial components, and critical neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine) diminishes every year after age 50 (by 0.1–0.2 percent). As a result, the brain's volume, metabolism, and perfusion decrease, and an average age-related cognitive decline emerge. Objective: This review will elucidate the underlying factors mediating the interaction of COVID-19, diabetes, and mental health, which may provide essential clues for tailored intervention for this vulnerable population. Result: As per the World Alzheimer Report, 46.8 million individuals worldwide suffered from dementia in 2015, a figure that's still expected to quadruple every 20 years. During the COVID-19 epidemic, researchers and practitioners are becoming increasingly concerned about the emergence of neurological symptoms, particularly the development of cognitive impairment. Learning, memory, flexible thinking, concentration, and executive function are all cognitive functions. Examples of executive functions include understanding a specific problem, solving problems, judging, halting, or modifying old behaviors, and initiating new ones. When patients are required to complete complex tasks, such as changing their insulin dose, predicting the effects of physical exercise on blood glucose, or even diagnosing and treating appropriate hypoglycemia, all these behavioral reactions are critical. Conclusion: Cognitive problems impair a patient's capacity to carry out several treatment measures, such as adhering to a medical regimen and recognizing signs of deterioration, all of which compromise the patient's treatment compliance. The current review focuses on the state of cognitive functioning in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus at the time of diagnosis and following COVID-19.