NVX-CoV2373-induced cellular and humoral immunity towards parental SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs compared to BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273-regimens.
J Clin Virol
; 157: 105321, 2022 Dec.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2069294
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The NVX-CoV2373-vaccine has recently been licensed, although knowledge on vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity towards the parental strain and variants of concern (VOCs) in comparison to mRNA-regimens is limited.METHODS:
In this observational study, 66 individuals were recruited to compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Vaccine-induced antibodies were analyzed using ELISA and neutralization assays, specific CD4 and CD8 T-cells were characterized based on intracellular cytokine staining using flow-cytometry after antigen-specific stimulation with parental spike or VOCs.RESULTS:
Two doses of NVX-CoV2373 strongly induced anti-spike IgG, although IgG-levels were lower than after vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (p = 0.006). Regardless of the vaccine and despite different IgG-levels, neutralizing activity towards VOCs was highest for Delta, followed by BA.2 and BA.1. The protein-based vaccine failed to induce any spike-specific CD8 T-cells which were detectable in 3/22 (14%) individuals only. In contrast, spike-specific CD4 T-cells were induced in 18/22 (82%) individuals, although their levels were lower (p<0.001), had lower CTLA-4 expression (p<0.0001) and comprised less multifunctional cells co-expressing IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 (p = 0.0007). Unlike neutralizing antibodies, NVX-CoV2373-induced CD4 T-cells equally recognized all tested VOCs from Alpha to Omicron. In individuals with a history of infection, one dose of NVX-CoV2373 had similar immunogenicity as two doses in non-infected individuals. The vaccine was overall well tolerated.CONCLUSION:
NVX-CoV2373 strongly induced spike-specific antibodies and CD4 T-cells, albeit at lower levels as mRNA-regimens. Cross-reactivity of CD4 T-cells towards the parental strain and all tested VOCs may hold promise to protect from severe disease.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
COVID-19 Vaccines
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Topics:
Vaccines
/
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Clin Virol
Journal subject:
Virology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.jcv.2022.105321
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