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Association of Virtual Care Expansion With Environmental Sustainability and Reduced Patient Costs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada.
Welk, Blayne; McArthur, Eric; Zorzi, Alexandra P.
  • Welk B; Department of Surgery and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
  • McArthur E; ICES, Ontario, Canada.
  • Zorzi AP; Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open ; 5(10): e2237545, 2022 10 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2074862
ABSTRACT
Importance There is a growing focus on environmental sustainability in health care.

Objective:

To estimate the environmental and patient-level financial benefits associated with the widespread adoption of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and

Participants:

This population-based cross-sectional study obtained data from linked administrative databases in the universal health care system of Ontario, Canada, from March 2020 to December 2021. Participants included all people with a physician claim for at least 1 episode of virtual care. Exposures Patients were stratified by age, socioeconomic status quintiles, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and area of residence (rural or urban). Main Outcomes and

Measures:

The primary outcomes were total travel distance and estimated travel-related carbon dioxide emissions avoided owing to virtual care visits. Different model assumptions were used to account for electric and hybrid vehicles and public transit use. The secondary outcomes were estimated patient costs (gasoline, parking, or public transit expenses) avoided.

Results:

During the 22-month study period, 10 146 843 patients (mean [SD] age, 44.1 [23.1] years; 5 536 611 women [54.6%]) had 63 758 914 physician virtual care visits. These visits were associated with avoidance of 3.2 billion km of travel distance and between 545 and 658 million kg of carbon dioxide emissions. Patients avoided an estimated total of $569 to $733 million (Canadian [US $465-$599 million]) in parking, public transit, and gasoline costs. Carbon dioxide emission avoidance and patient cost savings were more apparent in patients living in rural areas, those with higher comorbidity, and those who were older than 65 years. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that virtual care was associated with a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions avoided owing to reduced patient travel and with millions of dollars saved in parking, gasoline, or public transit costs. These benefits are likely to continue as virtual care is maintained as part of the health care system.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Travel / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: JAMA Netw Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamanetworkopen.2022.37545

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Travel / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: JAMA Netw Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamanetworkopen.2022.37545