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Nutritional therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A narrative and integrative review.
Grecco, Beatriz H; Araújo-Rossi, Paula A O; Nicoletti, Carolina F.
  • Grecco BH; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
  • Araújo-Rossi PAO; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
  • Nicoletti CF; Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
J Intensive Med ; 2(4): 249-256, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2076431
ABSTRACT
Hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have a sustained pro-inflammatory state and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that correlate with a decline in the nutritional status, which is directly related to poor immune response and clinical evolution. Nutritional therapy has proven crucial in COVID-19 treatment through the provision of adequate amounts of nutrients. Since the beginning of the pandemic, medical societies have mobilized to provide practical nutritional guidelines to support decision-making; despite this, there are only a few studies dedicated to compiling the most relevant recommendations. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize and stratify the current scientific literature on nutritional support for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We carried out a literature review from three databases between January 2020 and July 2021, using nutrition therapy (or medical nutrition or enteral nutrition or parental nutrition or nutritional support) and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) as the search terms. Only those studies that evaluated adult hospitalized patients with admissions to wards, specific clinics, or intensive care units were included. The nutritional intervention considered was that of specific nutritional support via oral, enteral, or parenteral modes. A total of 37 articles were included. In general, the nutritional care provided to COVID-19 patients follows the same premises as for other patients, i.e., it opts for the most physiological route and meets nutritional demands based on the clinical condition. However, some protocols that minimize the risk of contamination exposure for the health team have to be considered. Energy requirements varied from 15 kcal/kg/day to 30 kcal/kg/day and protein goals from 1.2 g/kg/day to 2 g/kg/day. In both cases, the ramp protocol for increased supply should be considered. In cases of enteral therapy, ready-to-use diet and continuous mode are recommended. Attention to refeeding syndrome is essential when parenteral nutrition is used.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews Language: English Journal: J Intensive Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jointm.2022.04.004

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews Language: English Journal: J Intensive Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jointm.2022.04.004