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The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.
Ponzano, Marta; Schiavetti, Irene; Bergamaschi, Roberto; Pisoni, Enrico; Bellavia, Andrea; Mallucci, Giulia; Carmisciano, Luca; Inglese, Matilde; Cordioli, Cinzia; Marfia, Girolama Alessandra; Cocco, Eleonora; Immovilli, Paolo; Pesci, Ilaria; Scandellari, Cinzia; Cavalla, Paola; Radaelli, Marta; Vianello, Marika; Vitetta, Francesca; Montepietra, Sara; Amato, Maria Pia; Fioretti, Cristina; Filippi, Massimo; Sartori, Arianna; Caleri, Francesca; Clerico, Marinella; Gallo, Antonio; Conte, Antonella; Clerici, Raffaella; De Luca, Giovanna; Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli; Cantello, Roberto; Calabrese, Massimiliano; Tortorella, Carla; Rovaris, Marco; Verrengia, Elena Pinuccia; Patti, Francesco; Morra, Vincenzo Brescia; Salvetti, Marco; Sormani, Maria Pia.
  • Ponzano M; Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: ponzano.marta@gmail.com.
  • Schiavetti I; Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
  • Bergamaschi R; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
  • Pisoni E; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
  • Bellavia A; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Mallucci G; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
  • Carmisciano L; Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
  • Inglese M; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
  • Cordioli C; Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Italy.
  • Marfia GA; Department of Systems Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
  • Cocco E; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedale Binaghi, Cagliari, Italy.
  • Immovilli P; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.
  • Pesci I; Multiple Sclerosis Center, UO Neurology, Fidenza, Fidenza, Italy.
  • Scandellari C; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation, Bologna, Italy.
  • Cavalla P; MS Center, Department of Neuroscience, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.
  • Radaelli M; Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italy.
  • Vianello M; Unit of Neurology, Ca' Fancello Hospital, AULSS2, Treviso, Italy.
  • Vitetta F; Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy.
  • Montepietra S; Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
  • Amato MP; IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy.
  • Fioretti C; Multiple Sclerosis Center of Toscana, Livorno, Italy.
  • Filippi M; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffael
  • Sartori A; Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
  • Caleri F; Department of Neurology, MS Center, F. Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy.
  • Clerico M; Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
  • Gallo A; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, (NA), Italy.
  • Conte A; Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
  • Clerici R; Operative Unit of Neurology - Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy.
  • De Luca G; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
  • Boneschi FM; Neurology Unit and MS Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
  • Cantello R; Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
  • Calabrese M; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of the University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.
  • Tortorella C; Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
  • Rovaris M; IRCSS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
  • Verrengia EP; ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Legnano, Italy.
  • Patti F; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, University of Catania.
  • Morra VB; Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
  • Salvetti M; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
  • Sormani MP; Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 68: 104243, 2022 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2076554
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Many studies investigated the association between air pollution and Covid-19 severity but the only study focusing on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) exclusively evaluated exposure to PM2.5. We aim to study, in a sample of MS patients, the impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity, described as occurrence of pneumonia.

METHODS:

A 12 ratio case-control study was designed, differentiating cases and controls based on Covid-19 pneumonia. Associations between pollutants and outcome were studied using logistic regression. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression was used to identify the individual contribution of each pollutant within the mixture; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression was performed to confirm the variable selection from WQS. All the analyses were adjusted for confounders selected a priori.

RESULTS:

Of the 615 eligible patients, 491 patients provided detailed place of exposure and were included in the principal analysis. Higher concentrations of air pollutants were associated with increased odds of developing Covid-19 pneumonia (PM2.5 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.26(1.29;3.96); PM10 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.12(1.22;3.68); NO2 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.12(1.21;3.69)). Pollutants were highly correlated with each other; WQS index was associated to an increased risk of pneumonia (ß=0.44; p-value=0.004) and the main contributors to this association were NO2 (41%) and PM2.5 (34%). Consistently, Lasso method selected PM2.5 and NO2.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 increased the odds of Covid-19 pneumonia among MS patients and the most dangerous pollutants were NO2 and PM2.5.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Year: 2022 Document Type: Article