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Effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 variant infection, severe illness, and death.
Huang, Zhuoying; Xu, Shuangfei; Liu, Jiechen; Wu, Linlin; Qiu, Jing; Wang, Nan; Ren, Jia; Li, Zhi; Guo, Xiang; Tao, Fangfang; Chen, Jian; Lu, Donglei; Sun, Xiaodong; Wang, Weibing.
  • Huang Z; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Xu S; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
  • Liu J; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Wu L; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Qiu J; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Wang N; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Ren J; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Li Z; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Guo X; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Tao F; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Chen J; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Lu D; Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
  • Sun X; Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Western Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China. sunxiaodong@scdc.sh.cn.
  • Wang W; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. wwb@fudan.edu.cn.
BMC Med ; 20(1): 400, 2022 10 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2079421
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Limited data are available on the effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines in real-world use-especially against Omicron variants in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve population.

METHODS:

A matched case-control study was conducted among people aged ≥ 3 years between 2 December 2021 and 13 May 2022. Cases were SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, individuals with severe/critical COVID-19, or COVID-19-related deaths. Controls were selected from consecutively test-negative individuals at the same time as cases were diagnosed and were exact-matched on year-of-age, gender, birthplace, illness onset date, and residential district in ratios of 11 with infected individuals and 41 with severe/critical COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death. Additionally, two subsets were constructed to analyze separate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated vaccines (subset 1) and Ad5-vectored vaccine (subset 2) against each of the three outcomes.

RESULTS:

Our study included 612,597 documented SARS-CoV-2 infections, among which 1485 progressed to severe or critical illness and 568 died. Administering COVID-19 vaccines provided limited protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection across all age groups (overall VE 16.0%, 95% CI 15.1-17.0%) but high protection against severe/critical illness (88.6%, 85.8-90.8%) and COVID-19-related death (91.6%, 86.8-94.6%). In subset 1, inactivated vaccine showed 16.3% (15.4-17.2%) effective against infection, 88.6% (85.8-90.9%) effective against severe/critical COVIID-19, and 91.7% (86.9-94.7%) against COVID-19 death. Booster vaccination with inactivated vaccines enhanced protection against severe COVID-19 (92.7%, 90.1-94.6%) and COVID-19 death (95.9%, 91.4-98.1%). Inactivated VE against infection began to wane 12 weeks after the last dose, but two and three doses sustained high protection levels (> 80%) against severe/critical illness and death, while subset 2 showed Ad5-vectored vaccine was 13.2% (10.9-15.5%) effective against infection and 77.9% (15.6-94.2%) effective against severe/critical COVIID-19.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our real-world study found high and durable two- and three-dose inactivated VE against Omicron-associated severe/critical illness and death across all age groups, but lower effectiveness against Omicron infection, which reinforces the critical importance of full-series vaccination and timely booster dose administration for all eligible individuals.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viral Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: BMC Med Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12916-022-02606-8

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viral Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: BMC Med Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12916-022-02606-8