Your browser doesn't support javascript.
Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine and hybrid humoral immunity against variants including omicron BA.1 and BA.4 6 months after vaccination (COV005): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, phase 1b-2a trial.
Madhi, Shabir A; Kwatra, Gaurav; Richardson, Simone I; Koen, Anthonet L; Baillie, Vicky; Cutland, Clare L; Fairlie, Lee; Padayachee, Sherman D; Dheda, Keertan; Barnabas, Shaun L; Bhorat, Qasim Ebrahim; Briner, Carmen; Ahmed, Khatija; Aley, Parvinder K; Bhikha, Sutika; Bhorat, A E; Esmail, Aliasgar; Horne, Elizea; Kaldine, Haajira; Mukendi, Christian K; Madzorera, Vimbai Sharon; Manamela, Nelia P; Masilela, Mduduzi; Hermanus, S Tandile; Motlou, Thopisang; Mzindle, Nonkululeko; Oelofse, Suzette; Patel, Faeezah; Rhead, Sarah; Rossouw, Lindie; Taoushanis, Carol; van Eck, Samuel; Lambe, Teresa; Gilbert, Sarah C; Pollard, Andrew J; Moore, Penny L; Izu, Alane.
  • Madhi SA; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannes
  • Kwatra G; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannes
  • Richardson SI; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Koen AL; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Baillie V; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Cutland CL; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Fairlie L; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Padayachee SD; Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, South Africa.
  • Dheda K; Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Barnabas SL; Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Bhorat QE; Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto, South Africa.
  • Briner C; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Afri
  • Ahmed K; Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Aley PK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Bhikha S; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Bhorat AE; Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto, South Africa.
  • Esmail A; Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Horne E; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Kaldine H; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Mukendi CK; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Madzorera VS; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Manamela NP; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Masilela M; Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, South Africa.
  • Hermanus ST; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Motlou T; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Mzindle N; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Oelofse S; Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Patel F; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Rhead S; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Rossouw L; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Taoushanis C; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • van Eck S; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Lambe T; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Gilbert SC; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Pollard AJ; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Moore PL; South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Izu A; South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannes
Lancet Infect Dis ; 2022 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2270243
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 vaccine rollout is lagging in Africa, where there has been a high rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination with the ChAdOx-nCoV19 (AZD1222) vaccine on antibody responses through to 180 days.

METHODS:

We did an unmasked post-hoc immunogenicity analysis after the first and second doses of AZD1222 in a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1b-2a study done in seven locations in South Africa. AZD1222 recipients who were HIV-uninfected, were stratified into baseline seropositive or seronegative groups using the serum anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) immunoglobulin G (IgG) electroluminescence immunoassay to establish SARS-CoV-2 infection before the first dose of AZD1222. Binding IgG to spike (anti-S) and receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) were measured before the first dose (day 0), second dose (day 28), day 42, and day 180. Neutralising antibody (NAb) against SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, beta, delta, gamma, and A.VOI.V2, and omicron BA1 and BA.4 variants, were measured by pseudovirus assay (day 28, day 42, and day 180). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04444674, and the Pan African Clinicals Trials Registry, PACTR202006922165132.

FINDINGS:

Of 185 individuals who were randomly assigned to AZD1222, we included 91 individuals who were baseline seropositive and 58 who were baseline seronegative, in the final analysis. In the seropositive group, there was little change of anti-S IgG (and anti-RBD IgG) or neutralising antibody (NAb) titres at day 42 compared with at day 28. Anti-S (and anti-RBD) IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were higher throughout in the seropositive compared with the seronegative group, including at day 180 (GMCs 517·8 [95% CI 411·3-651·9] vs 82·1 [55·2-122·3] BAU/mL). Also D614G NAb geometric mean titres (GMTs) were higher in the seropositive group than the seronegative group, as was the percentage with titres of at least 185 (80% putative risk reduction threshold [PRRT] against wild-type-alpha COVID-19), including at day 180 (92·0% [74·0-99·0] vs 18·2% [2·3-51·8). Similar findings were observed for beta, A.VOI.V2, and gamma. For delta, BA.1, and BA.4, NAb GMTs and the proportion with titres above the PRRT were substantially higher in the seropositive compared with seronegative group at day 28 and day 42, but no longer differed between the groups by day 180.

INTERPRETATION:

A single dose of AZD1222 in the general African population, where COVID-19 vaccine coverage is low and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity is 90%, could enhance the magnitude and quality of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

FUNDING:

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the South African Medical Research Council, the UK Research and Innovation, the UK National Institute for Health Research, and the South African Medical Research Council. TRANSLATION For the Zulu translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Fulltext
Print
XML
PubMed Links
Search on Google

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

Similar

MEDLINE
LILACS
LIS
Fulltext
Print
XML
PubMed Links
Search on Google

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article